Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of interpersonal forgiveness after a specific offense for improving the health and well-being of individuals. Despite its importance, there is an evident lack of forgiveness evaluation instruments adapted to the Spanish context. The Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI-30) is the questionnaire that implements one of the most established and recognized theoretical models in the area of forgiveness. The aim of the present study is to adapt the EFI-30 for the Spanish population and evaluate its psychometric properties. Method: A sample of 426 undergraduate and graduate students (98 men, 328 women) aged from 18 to 30 years (M = 21.24; SD = 2.91), completed the EFI-30 after its adaptation to the Spanish context, as well as the Transgression Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM-18), the Remedial Strategies Scale (RSS) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a good fit to the original six-factor structure (CFI = .91, TLI = .90, IFI = .91, RMSEA = .067). The reliability of these subscales and the instrument was similar to the original version. The results showed adequate criteria and convergent validity. Conclusions: The EFI-30 shows adequate psychometric properties within the Spanish context and is an appropriate instrument for evaluating interpersonal forgiveness of a specific offense in research and clinical intervention. Antecedentes: Diversos estudios demuestran la relevancia del perdón interpersonal tras una ofensa para mejorar la salud y el bienestar. A pesar de su importancia, es evidente la falta de instrumentos de evaluación del perdón adaptados al contexto español. El Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI-30) es el instrumento que operacionaliza uno de los modelos teóricos más asentados y reconocidos en el área del perdón a nivel mundial. El objetivo del presente estudio es adaptar el EFI-30 a la población española y revisar suspropiedades psicométricas. Método: 426 estudiantes de grado y máster (98 hombres y 328 mujeres) con edades entre 18 y 30 años (M = 21.24; DE = 2.91), completaron el EFI-30 tras su adaptación, así como Transgression Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM-18), Remedial Strategies Scale (RSS) y Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Resultados: El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio indicó buen ajuste a la estructura original de seis factores (CFI = .91, TLI = .90, IFI = .91, RMSEA = .067). La fiabilidad de las subescalas y del instrumento general fue buena, similar a la versión original. Los resultados mostraron adecuada validez convergente y de criterio. Conclusiones: EFI-30 muestra adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en un contexto español, siendo una medida apropiada para evaluar el perdón interpersonal de una ofensa especifica en al ámbito de la investigación e intervención clínica.

This study examines the role of differentiation of self (DoS) in the forgiveness process within romantic relationships, focusing on its moderating function between perceived offense severity and post‐offense distress. The sample included 591 Spanish participants aged between 18 and 86 years ( M = 42.66, SD = 17.06), and data were collected using validated questionnaires. Findings showed that DoS significantly moderates the relationship between offense severity and negative affect, negative cognition, and avoidance/resentment, but not with the positive dimensions of forgiveness (positive affect, benevolence, or positive behavior). Individuals with low levels of DoS experienced higher emotional distress after an offense, whereas those with high levels showed greater emotional regulation and a more realistic perception of the severity of the situation. These results highlight the importance of DoS as a regulatory resource for managing negative emotional responses but not necessarily as a promoter of prosocial attitudes or reconciliation. Results suggest that strengthening DoS in couples may help reduce the emotional burden of interpersonal transgressions. Future research could contribute longitudinal designs and dyadic analyses to capture the dynamic nature of forgiveness in romantic relationships.

The objective of this paper is to explore the current state of knowledge about pseudo-forgiveness, a complex psychological phenomenon that is clearly distinct from genuine forgiveness. Pseudo-forgiveness is characterized by an attempt to resolve conflicts related to managing an offense without authentic emotional processing, making it an internal and/or relational mechanism where the harm is not genuinely addressed. This phenomenon can manifest through strategies such as justifications, excuses, or minimization of the offense, which shield the offender from negative emotional consequences while perpetuating discomfort in the victim. These dynamics, although providing temporary relief, are detrimental in the long term to interpersonal relationships and psychological well-being. This work constitutes a narrative review and presents an analysis of the psychological variables related to this false form of forgiveness. The clinical relevance of addressing pseudo-forgiveness in therapy is highlighted, emphasizing the need to promote genuine forgiveness processes that foster empathy, acknowledgment of harm, and emotional transformation. It concludes that understanding pseudo-forgiveness can enrich both research and therapeutic interventions aimed at healing damaged relationships.