The Jinchuan area is located along the northeastern margin of Longshou Shan, in the western part of the North China Plate. Since the Paleoproterozoic period, it has undergone complex geological evolution. A systematic analysis of the tectonic evolution in this region reveals key information about the tectonic background and evolutionary characteristics since the Paleoproterozoic period and serves as a crucial approach for understanding metallogenic processes and achieving breakthroughs in deep mineral exploration. Based on detailed field investigations, this study analyzes the structural characteristics of the area, focusing on conjugate shear joints, folds, and faults. Combined with previous research findings, the evolution of the tectonic stress field is analyzed. The results indicate that the orientation of the maximum principal stress underwent the following six distinct phases of change: nearly north-south (NS) → nearly east-west (EW) → nearly north-south (NS) → north-northeast-south-southwest (NNE-SSW) → northwest-southeast (NW-SE) → northeast-southwest (NE-SW). Integrating these results with the regional tectonic framework, the study systematically reconstructs the tectonic evolution of the Jinchuan area. This research provides important scientific insights and practical value for enhancing geological understanding of the region and guiding mineral resource exploration and development.

Addressing capacity assessment uncertainties in high-geological-background areas, this study develops a source-oriented risk assessment framework integrating spatial interpolation, source apportionment, and dynamic capacity modeling. Analysis of 39 surface soil samples (As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Se, pH) from Ankang Basin, China, reveals: Two heavy metal sources were quantitatively identified via APCS-MLR. Natural sources (71.94%) dominate, contributing Se, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni, with Cd primarily geogenic. Anthropogenic sources (28.06%) from industrial, transportation, and agricultural activities contribute Cr, As, Pb, and Ni. Static capacity assessment identifies Cd as the primary limiting element (average capacity 0.22). Dynamic model predictions indicate that the 20-year dynamic capacity of all elements is only 14–20% of the theoretical static capacity (Q_i), representing 16–47% of the current existing capacity, and will approach dynamic equilibrium after 40 years. Source-oriented capacity indices reveal natural sources pose the highest comprehensive risk (SPI = 0.916), mainly driving Cd capacity stress (SPICd = 0.34). Anthropogenic sources remain safe (SPI > 1.255) but warrant Pb monitoring. This framework supports precise management of selenium-rich lands, shifting strategies from emission control to avoiding high-risk geological units.