Background: Problems related to the urine flow are rather common in hypospadias patients. As these problems are detected during follow-up of urine flow in the post-operative period, it is difficult to determine whether it is a problem emerging secondary to the surgery or it is a congenital condition. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the lower urinary tract functions in hypospadias patients with pre-operative and post-operative uroflowmetric examinations and to determine whether it is a complication of the surgery or a congenital condition. Materials and Methods: A total of 63 patients who underwent hypospadias surgery and were monitored postoperatively between January 2012 and January 2013 were enrolled in the study. Data about the pre- and post-operative uroflowmetry parameters were collected and compared. Results: Of total 83 patients, only 63 (76.8%) patients, whose parent’s provided the written consent, were studied. The mean age was 6.9±2.4 years (3–14 years). The mean bladder volume estimated according to the age of the patients was 266.5±71.7 ml. The mean bladder volume before and after the surgery was 179±56 ml and 189±53 ml, respectively, and the bladder volumes were 67% and 71% of the estimated bladder volume, respectively. There was no significant difference between the bladder volumes measured before and after the surgery (p=0.159). Furthermore, no significant change in the measurements regarding the maximum flow rate, time to maximum flow rate, total time of the urine flow, mean flow rate, voided volume, voiding time, and post-void residual volume was observed. Conclusion: The uroflowmetry is an easy-to-use, non-invasive, and objective method, which can be used for the early diagnosis of the urethral stricture following the hypospadias surgery and the evaluation of the obstructions in the lower urinary tract

The Anatolian Journal of Family Medicine is an international periodical on family medicine and primary health care, published three times a year on independent, unbiased, double-blinded and peer-review principles.

Introduction: Prevalence of ovarian masses in children increase due to easy access to imaging techniques. There are conflicting views about evaluation and classification of ovarian masses for neoplasia in such age group in the literature. Material and methods: The patients who were monitored and treated because of ovarian mass in pediatric surgery and obstetrics and gynaecology clinics were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic data, symptoms, dimensions and lateralization of the mass, serum tumour markers, histopathological evaluation results, and treatment outcomes of the patients enrolled in were recorded. Ovarian masses of the participants were divided into two groups as non-neoplastic group (NNG) and neoplastic group (NG) depending on imaging techniques, serum tumour markers and histopathological analysis results. Results were statistically reviewed. Results: There was not any statistical difference between NG and NNG for age, body mass index, mass diameter, initial symptoms, and mass lateralization (p>0.05). Review of ovarian masses reported by imaging techniques revealed that pure cystic appearance was statistically significant for NNG (p=0.012). Duration of the surgery and hospitalization were detected shorter in NNG treated laparoscopically (p=0.023). Conclusion: Surgical treatment of ovarian masses in children should be ovarian protective as much as possible. However, there is not any reliable and proven marker that may differentiate a benign ovarian mass from a malignant ovarian mass in paediatric patients like adult population. A detailed medical history, physical examination, imaging methods, and adequate tumour markers should be used for preoperative evaluation of adnexial masses.

Ejmi Eurasian Journal of Medical Investigation

Objective: Distal ureter diameter ratio (UDR) may be a determining factor in the clinical progress of the primary vesico ureteral reflux (VUR) when compared to the dilatation of the upper urinary system. VUR index (VURx) is a simple, validated tool that reliably predicts significant improvement and spontaneous resolution of primary reflux in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the UDR and VURx of patients treated with endoscopic injection (EI) and ureteroneocystostomy (UNC) methods in the pediatric age group due to primary VUR. Methods: Patients under the age of 18 years old who underwent EI and UNC with the diagnosis of primary VUR between January 2011 and September 2021 were determined as the subjects. UDR was measured with voiding cystourethrography and VURx score was calculated before treatment in hospital records were included in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups as the EI and UNC. Results: A total of 255 patients, 60 (23.5 %) boys and 195 (76.5 %) girls, with a median age of 76.5 (range 13.0–204.0) months, were included in the study. EI was applied to 130 (51.0 %) patients and UNC was applied to 125 (49.0 %) patients due to primary VUR. The optimum cut-off for the distal UDR was obtained as 0.17 with sensitivity and specificity of 73.0 % and 63.0 %, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 66.0 % and 70.0 %, respectively. Conclusion: The optimal management of patients with primary VUR remains controversial. When UDR and VURx score are evaluated together for the surgical treatment of primary VUR in the pediatric age group, it is thought that it may be useful in predicting the clinical course of the disease and evaluating surgical treatment options.