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Building energy consumption is still one of the main contributions to global carbon emissions. With the overall digitalization in the building sector, building automation and control systems (BACS) are to play a more important and key role in improving the building sector performance. A well-designed BACS at the building design phase with a high level of control functionalities is not a guarantee for efficient building operation and successful control and management strategies in the operational phase. Thus, a systematic automated initial and retro-commissioning process is key to test the performance of the automation system and the response of the integrated HVAC systems. This is an arduous and time-consuming task susceptible to human errors. As an alternative, the current study proposes a methodological framework to automate step response testing of BACS and to optimize the different steps of this process in a cost-effective way. In addition to newly built buildings, the framework can be applied in existing or retrofitted medium to large-sized buildings that have a building management system capable of receiving actuator commands and responsible to provide updates of several state variables. Based on the proposed framework, a first-of-its kind tool “AUSTRET” for building automated step response testing of BACS is designed and developed. The tool provides the necessary input configuring parameters, building system selection, and output results for each performed test. The framework aims to act upon ventilation, room heating and cooling, and water heating and cooling modules in a building. The implementation and demonstration of the AUSTRET in a medium-sized building case study for two different building systems are presented and evaluated: (1) Ventilation/fan, (2) Room heating. The results show the different dynamic responses on these two systems and how misleading input parameter configuration can invalidate step response tests. The preliminary results highlight the capability of using AUSTRET as a key component in both building initial and retro-commissioning applications.
Athila Santos; Na Liu; Muhyiddine Jradi. AUSTRET: An Automated Step Response Testing Tool for Building Automation and Control Systems. Energies 2021, 14, 3972 .
AMA StyleAthila Santos, Na Liu, Muhyiddine Jradi. AUSTRET: An Automated Step Response Testing Tool for Building Automation and Control Systems. Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3972.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAthila Santos; Na Liu; Muhyiddine Jradi. 2021. "AUSTRET: An Automated Step Response Testing Tool for Building Automation and Control Systems." Energies 14, no. 13: 3972.
A building management system (BMS) is generally defined as the ‘Brain’ of the building. Building management systems aid in improving occupant comfort and productivity and, enhance the operational efficiency of building energy generation and supply systems. This paper presents the BuildCOM project which is driven by the industry and customer needs. It responds to the increasing demands for energy efficiency, comfort, and safety in the buildings sector. The project brings together academic researchers, industrial companies and public partners, to develop and demonstrate an innovative first-of-its-kind software for BMS automated auditing and continuous building commissioning. The software has three major capabilities, initial BMS auditing, BMS retro-commissioning and continuous building commissioning. Thus, the proposed software will aid the design, development and operation of next generation building management systems. The project builds up partly on the online building energy performance monitoring and evaluation (ObepME) tool developed in COORDICY which will be combined with a holistic process for building management systems auditing and commissioning within the developed software solution. The set of tools developed under BuildCOM will be implemented and demonstrated considering multiple case studies. Implementing the proposed solution, the customers and building owners will have up to 35% higher energy efficiency in newly built and exiting buildings, around 25% lower operation costs and less emissions from day one and throughout the building operation phase.
Muhyiddine Jradi; Niels Boel; Bo Eskerod Madsen; Jonas Jacobsen; Julie Strandesen Hooge; Lars Kildelund. BuildCOM: automated auditing and continuous commissioning of next generation building management systems. Energy Informatics 2021, 4, 1 -18.
AMA StyleMuhyiddine Jradi, Niels Boel, Bo Eskerod Madsen, Jonas Jacobsen, Julie Strandesen Hooge, Lars Kildelund. BuildCOM: automated auditing and continuous commissioning of next generation building management systems. Energy Informatics. 2021; 4 (1):1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhyiddine Jradi; Niels Boel; Bo Eskerod Madsen; Jonas Jacobsen; Julie Strandesen Hooge; Lars Kildelund. 2021. "BuildCOM: automated auditing and continuous commissioning of next generation building management systems." Energy Informatics 4, no. 1: 1-18.
When considering that over 80% of buildings in Denmark were built before the 1980′s, a holistic energy retrofitting of the existing building stock is a major milestone to attain the energy and environmental targets of the country. In this work, a case study of three public schools is considered for post-retrofit process evaluation. The three schools were heavily retrofitted by September 2018 with energy conservation and improvement measures that were implemented targeting both the building envelope and various energy systems. A technical evaluation of the energy retrofit process in the schools was carried out, when considering one year of operation after the completion of the retrofitting work. Actual data from the heating and electricity meters in the schools were collected and compared with the pre-retrofit design numbers which rely majorly on static tabulated numbers for savings evaluation. It was shown that the retrofit design numbers largely overestimate the attained savings, where the average performance gap between the expected and real numbers for the three schools is around 61% and 136% for annual heating and electricity savings, respectively. On the other hand, an alternative approach was proposed where calibrated dynamic energy performance models, which were developed for the three schools in EnergyPlus, were used to simulate the impact of implementing the retrofit measures. It was shown that implementing this approach could predict much better the impacts of the retrofit process with an average gap of around 17% for heating savings and 21% for electricity savings. Based on the post-retrofit process evaluation in the three schools, it was concluded that using dynamic model simulations has the potential of lowering the performance gap between the promised and real savings when compared to static tabulated approaches, although the savings are still generally over-estimated in both approaches.
Muhyiddine Jradi. Dynamic Energy Modelling as an Alternative Approach for Reducing Performance Gaps in Retrofitted Schools in Denmark. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7862 .
AMA StyleMuhyiddine Jradi. Dynamic Energy Modelling as an Alternative Approach for Reducing Performance Gaps in Retrofitted Schools in Denmark. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (21):7862.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhyiddine Jradi. 2020. "Dynamic Energy Modelling as an Alternative Approach for Reducing Performance Gaps in Retrofitted Schools in Denmark." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21: 7862.
In future smart communities, buildings must possess energy efficient systems, provide absolute comfort, empower occupants with information, adapt operations to energy grid situations and facilitate strategic maintenance. A key condition to realize these deliverables, is a proper designed and well-equipped building automation and control system (BACS). Thus, long-term solutions call for multi-criteria approaches capable of assessing and evaluating the building automation systems' performance based on multiple impacts. This paper introduces an innovative holistic tool ‘IBACSA’, for BACS assessment and smartness evaluation using a qualitative-based multi-criteria approach. A specific set of relevant systems and their associated services form the basis of the proposed auditing and evaluation methodology. The targeted building domains comprise 60 different services in total based on guidelines and functionalities listed in the EN15232 standard. The proposed tool is able to quantify the specific impacts of the selected control functionalities based on five criteria using the points grading principle. IBACSA demonstration in a case study university building is reported and evaluated. The building overall scored 79% on energy efficiency, 64% on maintenance & fault prediction, 24% on energy flexibility & storage, 70% on comfort and 84% on information to occupants. The implementation of IBACSA in the case study shows the potential of the tool in auditing various BACS features and reporting the impact of upgrades and retrofits. The proposed tool serves as a comprehensive and user-friendly instrument in a systematic building initial and retro commissioning platform, ensuring a good start-up for newly built and retrofitted energy efficient buildings.
Sebastian Engelsgaard; Emil Kjøller Alexandersen; Jonathan Dallaire; Muhyiddine Jradi. IBACSA: An interactive tool for building automation and control systems auditing and smartness evaluation. Building and Environment 2020, 184, 107240 .
AMA StyleSebastian Engelsgaard, Emil Kjøller Alexandersen, Jonathan Dallaire, Muhyiddine Jradi. IBACSA: An interactive tool for building automation and control systems auditing and smartness evaluation. Building and Environment. 2020; 184 ():107240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Engelsgaard; Emil Kjøller Alexandersen; Jonathan Dallaire; Muhyiddine Jradi. 2020. "IBACSA: An interactive tool for building automation and control systems auditing and smartness evaluation." Building and Environment 184, no. : 107240.
Buildings systems are one of the world's largest energy consumer, and their faults often cause energy waste and occupants discomfort. In this paper, we propose a model-based method for fault detection and diagnostics of ventilation units supported by a set of rules. Under-performing subsystems are first isolated by comparing the expected energy consumption obtained through a dynamic energy model, then the faulty component is diagnosed using a set of rules. The method is tested on the EnergyPlus model of an existing building. Two types of faults are introduced by changing model's parameters: abrupt faults, and gradual faults, where parameters change gradually over time. The faults causing significant increase in consumption are correctly identified by the proposed method. Moreover, an assessment of the impact of the faults is reported, showing up to 8% increase in the ventilation unit energy consumption. Finally, detection of gradual faults has promising applications in faults prediction.
Claudio Giovanni Mattera; Muhyiddine Jradi; Mathis Riber Skydt; Sebastian Skals Engelsgaard; Hamid Reza Shaker. Fault detection in ventilation units using dynamic energy performance models. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 32, 101635 .
AMA StyleClaudio Giovanni Mattera, Muhyiddine Jradi, Mathis Riber Skydt, Sebastian Skals Engelsgaard, Hamid Reza Shaker. Fault detection in ventilation units using dynamic energy performance models. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 32 ():101635.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudio Giovanni Mattera; Muhyiddine Jradi; Mathis Riber Skydt; Sebastian Skals Engelsgaard; Hamid Reza Shaker. 2020. "Fault detection in ventilation units using dynamic energy performance models." Journal of Building Engineering 32, no. : 101635.
In the last three decades, deep energy retrofit measures have been the standard option to improve the existing Danish building stock performance, with conventional techniques including envelope constructions insulation, windows change and lights replacement. While such techniques have demonstrated large technical and economic benefits, they may not be the optimal solution for every building retrofit case. With the advancement in the field of smart buildings and building automation systems, new energy performance improvement measures have emerged aiming to enhance the building intelligence quotient. In this paper, a technical evaluation and assessment of the trade-off between implementing deep energy retrofit techniques and improving building intelligence measures is provided. The assessment is driven by energy simulations of a detailed dynamic energy performance model developed in EnergyPlus. A 2500 m2 university building in Denmark is considered as a case study, where a holistic energy model was developed and calibrated using actual data. Different performance improvement measures are implemented and assessed. Standard deep energy retrofit measures are considered, where the building intelligence improvement measures are in compliance with the European Standard EN 15232 recommendations. The overall assessment and evaluation results will serve as recommendations aiding the decision to retrofit the building and improve the performance.
Muhyiddine Jradi. The trade-off between deep energy retrofit and improving building intelligence in a university building. E3S Web of Conferences 2020, 172, 18002 .
AMA StyleMuhyiddine Jradi. The trade-off between deep energy retrofit and improving building intelligence in a university building. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020; 172 ():18002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhyiddine Jradi. 2020. "The trade-off between deep energy retrofit and improving building intelligence in a university building." E3S Web of Conferences 172, no. : 18002.
In general, static tools and simplified assessment approaches are still dominating the Danish building energy retrofit market. These static tools are generally associated with a large number of assumptions and tend to neglect the overall building dynamics. This leads to major uncertainties and substantial gaps between the predicted performance, promised before retrofitting, and the real building performance after carrying out the retrofit project. To overcome these challenges, this work presents the design, development and demonstration of DanRETRO, a tool for Danish buildings energy retrofit design and evaluation. The tool uses a large database of dynamic performance simulations employing EnergyPlus, for different building types, ages and sizes, allowing a preliminary assessment of the technical, economic and environmental impacts of various retrofit measures. In this regard, the tool provides a large selection of retrofit techniques and measures along with retrofit packages. DanRETRO is intended to be a comprehensive building energy retrofit assessment tool, but at the same time being simple to use with minimal inputs. The demonstration of the tool in an office building, a single-family house and an apartment in Denmark is presented and assessed. DanRETRO evaluation results are aimed to serve as a basis to aid energy retrofit projects decision-making.
Muhyiddine Jradi; Henrik Engelbrecht Foldager; Rasmus Camillus Jeppesen. A tool for Danish buildings energy retrofit design and evaluation using dynamic energy simulations. E3S Web of Conferences 2020, 172, 18008 .
AMA StyleMuhyiddine Jradi, Henrik Engelbrecht Foldager, Rasmus Camillus Jeppesen. A tool for Danish buildings energy retrofit design and evaluation using dynamic energy simulations. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020; 172 ():18008.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhyiddine Jradi; Henrik Engelbrecht Foldager; Rasmus Camillus Jeppesen. 2020. "A tool for Danish buildings energy retrofit design and evaluation using dynamic energy simulations." E3S Web of Conferences 172, no. : 18008.
Muhyiddine Jradi; Henrik Engelbrecht Foldager; Rasmus Camillus Jeppesen; Jakob Hviid; Mikkel Ask Rasmussen; Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard. Modeling and Performance Simulation of a Retail Store as a Smart Grid Ready Building. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMuhyiddine Jradi, Henrik Engelbrecht Foldager, Rasmus Camillus Jeppesen, Jakob Hviid, Mikkel Ask Rasmussen, Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard. Modeling and Performance Simulation of a Retail Store as a Smart Grid Ready Building. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhyiddine Jradi; Henrik Engelbrecht Foldager; Rasmus Camillus Jeppesen; Jakob Hviid; Mikkel Ask Rasmussen; Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard. 2020. "Modeling and Performance Simulation of a Retail Store as a Smart Grid Ready Building." Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA , no. : 1.
Krzysztof Arendt; Anders Clausen; Claudio G. Mattera; Muhyiddine Jradi; Aslak Johansen; Christian T. Veje; Mikkel B. Kjærgaard; Bo N. Jørgensen. Multi-Objective Model Predictive Control Framework for Buildings. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleKrzysztof Arendt, Anders Clausen, Claudio G. Mattera, Muhyiddine Jradi, Aslak Johansen, Christian T. Veje, Mikkel B. Kjærgaard, Bo N. Jørgensen. Multi-Objective Model Predictive Control Framework for Buildings. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrzysztof Arendt; Anders Clausen; Claudio G. Mattera; Muhyiddine Jradi; Aslak Johansen; Christian T. Veje; Mikkel B. Kjærgaard; Bo N. Jørgensen. 2020. "Multi-Objective Model Predictive Control Framework for Buildings." Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA , no. : 1.
Konstantin Filonenko; Krzysztof Arendt; Muhyiddine Jradi; Søren Andersen; Christian Veje. Modeling and Simulation of a Heating Mini-Grid for a Block of Buildings. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleKonstantin Filonenko, Krzysztof Arendt, Muhyiddine Jradi, Søren Andersen, Christian Veje. Modeling and Simulation of a Heating Mini-Grid for a Block of Buildings. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKonstantin Filonenko; Krzysztof Arendt; Muhyiddine Jradi; Søren Andersen; Christian Veje. 2020. "Modeling and Simulation of a Heating Mini-Grid for a Block of Buildings." Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA , no. : 1.
Muhyiddine Jradi; Na Liu; Aslak Johansen; Krzysztof Arendt; Claudio Giovanni Mattera; Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard; Christian Veje; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Dynamic Energy Model-Based Automatic Building Performance Testing for Continuous Commissioning. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMuhyiddine Jradi, Na Liu, Aslak Johansen, Krzysztof Arendt, Claudio Giovanni Mattera, Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard, Christian Veje, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Dynamic Energy Model-Based Automatic Building Performance Testing for Continuous Commissioning. Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhyiddine Jradi; Na Liu; Aslak Johansen; Krzysztof Arendt; Claudio Giovanni Mattera; Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard; Christian Veje; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2020. "Dynamic Energy Model-Based Automatic Building Performance Testing for Continuous Commissioning." Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA , no. : 1.
Improving the energy performance of buildings will prove vital for countries worldwide to reduce their energy consumption and emissions. A key player in reaching this goal is building automation and control, as having well-designed and operated building automation and control systems (BACS) provide large capabilities in optimizing the energy performance of different systems. In this regard, building owners and planners must be able to assess and evaluate the current status of their BACS and identify potential improvements. While there has been a large block of work done in Denmark along with regulations aiming to audit the overall building performance and individual systems characteristics, very little has been done in the field of auditing the building automation and control system and evaluating its structure and operation patterns. This lack of systematic BACS auditing and evaluation in Danish buildings is addressed in this work with the first implementation and evaluation of the eu.bac System methodology in a university office building. The building was found to comply with the lowest automation and control class E. Two BACS retrofit packages were proposed and evaluated, and energy savings up to 28.5% are reported. The preliminary assessment results reported demonstrate the potential of building automation and control retrofit measures in a combined holistic improvement package alongside building envelope upgrade. In addition, the impact of the eu.bac System improvements and labelling on the building's classification based on the recent Danish building regulation BR18 is evaluated. The study discusses the feasibility of eu.bac System tool implementation in Danish buildings and suggests improvements. It also correlates and compares the eu.bac System audit to the upcoming European SRI instrument. In light of the huge efforts to digitalize the Danish energy sector, ensuring proper design and operation of BACS is of great importance. Thus, a systematic and methodical BACS auditing and evaluation methodology will be a crucial part of buildings’ initial and retro-commissioning platforms.
Jacob Alstrup Engvang; Muhyiddine Jradi. Auditing and design evaluation of building automation and control systems based on eu.bac system audit – Danish case study. Energy and Built Environment 2020, 2, 34 -44.
AMA StyleJacob Alstrup Engvang, Muhyiddine Jradi. Auditing and design evaluation of building automation and control systems based on eu.bac system audit – Danish case study. Energy and Built Environment. 2020; 2 (1):34-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacob Alstrup Engvang; Muhyiddine Jradi. 2020. "Auditing and design evaluation of building automation and control systems based on eu.bac system audit – Danish case study." Energy and Built Environment 2, no. 1: 34-44.
Alongside active energy improvements dealing with energy supply systems and building devices and services, passive techniques targeting enhancing the building envelope are demonstrated as viable options to improve the overall building performance. In this study, a holistic investigation of integrating phase change materials within the building envelope is presented aiming to improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption. Thus, dynamic energy modeling and performance evaluation of building envelope enhanced with phase change materials under Danish conditions is carried out. A standard Danish office is considered as a case study where a systematic screening of 17 PCMs is performed to select the optimal PCM based on EnergyPlus dynamic energy simulations. A PCM with a melting temperature of 24 ∘C, a crystallization temperature of 21 ∘C, and a latent heat of fusion of 219 kJ/kg was identified. In addition, a parametric analysis is carried out to evaluate the impact of the PCM thickness and location within the building envelope on the energy performance and the indoor thermal comfort. It was shown that using a 40 mm PCM layer placed on the interior side of the building components provide the best scenario. Based on the results of the parametric analysis, the implementation of the optimal PCM to enhance the building envelope of four case study buildings is carried out. This includes a standard one-story single-family house, two-story house, apartment building and an office building. Nevertheless, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the effect of various factors on the PCM selection under Danish conditions. It is shown that the building insulation level, room cooling and heating set-points, as well as the ambient weather conditions have a large impact on identifying the best performing PCM for Danish buildings.
Morten Hagenau; Muhyiddine Jradi. Dynamic modeling and performance evaluation of building envelope enhanced with phase change material under Danish conditions. Journal of Energy Storage 2020, 30, 101536 .
AMA StyleMorten Hagenau, Muhyiddine Jradi. Dynamic modeling and performance evaluation of building envelope enhanced with phase change material under Danish conditions. Journal of Energy Storage. 2020; 30 ():101536.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorten Hagenau; Muhyiddine Jradi. 2020. "Dynamic modeling and performance evaluation of building envelope enhanced with phase change material under Danish conditions." Journal of Energy Storage 30, no. : 101536.
Ventilation fans are an important component of any mechanically ventilated building. Poor fan performance could significantly affect the whole building performance metrics. There are several issues such as dirty blades, mechanical wear, aging of fans could impact the fan’s performance. In present work, a novel, indirect and data-driven methodology is introduced to monitor the ventilation fan unit performance. The proposed method is able to perform continuous monitoring of ventilation fan unit in real-time. The real-time performance of 3 Air handling unit (AHU) fans is examined in an academic building. Expected fan performance is modeled with the help of manufacturer data and compared against the real-time performance. Two data-driven models are developed and implemented. The first model is used to compute expected total fan pressure at a given airflow rate while second is a Support Vector Regression (SVR) model, to predict the fan efficiency. The performance monitoring of the ventilation fan unit is determined in terms of expected and actual fan energy consumption. Findings indicated a significant performance gap in three ventilation fan unit in a case building known as OU44, located in city Odense, Denmark. The advantage of this method comprises simplicity, no direct human intervention and scalability to the series of ventilation units.
Mahendra Singh; Muhyiddine Jradi; Hamid Reza Shaker. Monitoring and evaluation of building ventilation system fans operation using performance curves. Energy and Built Environment 2020, 1, 307 -318.
AMA StyleMahendra Singh, Muhyiddine Jradi, Hamid Reza Shaker. Monitoring and evaluation of building ventilation system fans operation using performance curves. Energy and Built Environment. 2020; 1 (3):307-318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahendra Singh; Muhyiddine Jradi; Hamid Reza Shaker. 2020. "Monitoring and evaluation of building ventilation system fans operation using performance curves." Energy and Built Environment 1, no. 3: 307-318.
One of the main challenges facing the building sector nowadays is the reported mismatch between the predicted and the actual performance throughout the building operational phase. This mismatch is referred to as the ‘building performance gap’. In this regard, the need for a systematic continuous commissioning framework to monitor, assess and evaluate the buildings performance is vital to bridge the performance gaps. In this paper, an innovative framework for building energy performance monitoring and evaluation is presented, considering a list of performance tests addressing building subsystems. The framework relies on two major pillars, actual data collected from the building site, and calibrated energy model simulations to serve as a dynamic baseline for comparison and evaluation. The framework design, development and implementation in a highly energy efficient building is presented, and findings from the initial stages of implementing the framework are highlighted considering the energy systems operation and indoor comfort perspectives.
Muhyiddine Jradi; Na Liu; Krzysztof Arendt; Claudio Giovanni Mattera. An automated framework for buildings continuous commissioning and performance testing – A university building case study. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 31, 101464 .
AMA StyleMuhyiddine Jradi, Na Liu, Krzysztof Arendt, Claudio Giovanni Mattera. An automated framework for buildings continuous commissioning and performance testing – A university building case study. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 31 ():101464.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhyiddine Jradi; Na Liu; Krzysztof Arendt; Claudio Giovanni Mattera. 2020. "An automated framework for buildings continuous commissioning and performance testing – A university building case study." Journal of Building Engineering 31, no. : 101464.
The paper presents the development and implementation of DanBERA tool for Danish buildings energy renovation design and assessment. Unlike the static tools used in the current building renovation market, DanBERA is based on dynamic energy performance simulations of case study buildings considering various building characteristics and specifications and taking into account the dynamic impact of occupancy and weather conditions. The tool uses a systematic and comprehensive renovation assessment methodology considering technical, economic and environmental impacts. A list of standard energy renovation measures is considered, targeting the building physical envelope upgrade in addition to energy systems performance improvement and installation of renewable energy systems. In addition, DanBERA provides a comprehensive assessment of various renovation measures and packages, yet using limited number of inputs including building type, indoor floor area, construction or last renovated year and location. The possibility of having a building ventilation system is also available. Four major building categories are included in the current version, single-story and two-story residential houses, residential apartments and office buildings. The tool implementation is demonstrated in the paper by considering 3 Danish case studies and reporting the renovation design and assessment results regarding energy consumption and indoor air quality.
Muhyiddine Jradi; Sandra Andersen; Morten Hagenau. DanBERA: A tool for Danish buildings energy renovation design and assessment. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 609, 072057 .
AMA StyleMuhyiddine Jradi, Sandra Andersen, Morten Hagenau. DanBERA: A tool for Danish buildings energy renovation design and assessment. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 609 (7):072057.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhyiddine Jradi; Sandra Andersen; Morten Hagenau. 2019. "DanBERA: A tool for Danish buildings energy renovation design and assessment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609, no. 7: 072057.
Performance testing of components and subsystems of buildings is a promising practice for increasing energy efficiency and closing gaps between intended and actual performance of buildings. A typical shortcoming of performance testing is the difficulty of linking a failing test to a faulty or underperforming component. Furthermore, a failing test can also be linked to a wrongly configured performance test. In this paper, we present Building Metadata Performance Testing (BuMPeT), a method that addresses this shortcoming by using building metadata models to extend performance testing with fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) capabilities. We present four different procedures that apply BuMPeT to different data sources and components. We have applied the proposed method to a case study building, located in Denmark, to test its capacity and benefits. Additionally, we use two real case scenarios to showcase examples of failing performance tests in the building, as well as discovery of causes of underperformance. Finally, to examine the limits to the benefits of the applied procedure, a detailed elaboration of a hypothetical scenario is presented. Our findings demonstrate that the method has potential and it can serve to increase the energy efficiency of a wide range of buildings.
Elena Markoska; Aslak Johansen; Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard; Sanja Lazarova-Molnar; Muhyiddine Jradi; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Combining Performance Testing and Metadata Models to Support Fault Detection and Diagnostics in Smart Buildings. Applied System Innovation 2019, 2, 28 .
AMA StyleElena Markoska, Aslak Johansen, Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard, Sanja Lazarova-Molnar, Muhyiddine Jradi, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. Combining Performance Testing and Metadata Models to Support Fault Detection and Diagnostics in Smart Buildings. Applied System Innovation. 2019; 2 (3):28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Markoska; Aslak Johansen; Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard; Sanja Lazarova-Molnar; Muhyiddine Jradi; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen. 2019. "Combining Performance Testing and Metadata Models to Support Fault Detection and Diagnostics in Smart Buildings." Applied System Innovation 2, no. 3: 28.
The building sector contributes a substantial amount to the overall energy consumption worldwide along with a large share in the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, improving the performance of buildings is vital to achieve the energy and environmental goals. In this regard, Denmark is not an exception, where the building sector was prioritized, aiming to enhance newly-built buildings’ performance along with upgrading existing buildings through a comprehensive energy retrofit strategy. This study aims to present and demonstrate a decision-making tool for energy retrofit design and assessment of Danish buildings (DanRETRO). Unlike the current energy retrofit assessment methodologies and tools used in the Danish building market, DanRETRO builds on a database comprising a large number of simulations for Danish buildings’ performances of various types, sizes, and ages. The well-established modeling and simulation engine of EnergyPlus is used to develop the dynamic energy models. The DanRETRO tool development is presented, where multiple building retrofitting techniques and measures are carried out along with assessment of the impacts of implementing these improvements on the technical, economic, and environmental levels. The tool’s demonstration in three case study buildings is presented, where the retrofit assessment results are reported and evaluated at various levels.
Henrik Engelbrecht Foldager; Rasmus Camillus Jeppesen; Muhyiddine Jradi. DanRETRO: A Decision-Making Tool for Energy Retrofit Design and Assessment of Danish Buildings. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3794 .
AMA StyleHenrik Engelbrecht Foldager, Rasmus Camillus Jeppesen, Muhyiddine Jradi. DanRETRO: A Decision-Making Tool for Energy Retrofit Design and Assessment of Danish Buildings. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3794.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenrik Engelbrecht Foldager; Rasmus Camillus Jeppesen; Muhyiddine Jradi. 2019. "DanRETRO: A Decision-Making Tool for Energy Retrofit Design and Assessment of Danish Buildings." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3794.
Muhyiddine Jradi; Saffa Riffat. Performance Analysis of an Innovative ORC-based Micro-scale CCHP System under Lebanese Conditions. International Journal of Thermodynamics 2019, 22, 98 -105.
AMA StyleMuhyiddine Jradi, Saffa Riffat. Performance Analysis of an Innovative ORC-based Micro-scale CCHP System under Lebanese Conditions. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2019; 22 (2):98-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhyiddine Jradi; Saffa Riffat. 2019. "Performance Analysis of an Innovative ORC-based Micro-scale CCHP System under Lebanese Conditions." International Journal of Thermodynamics 22, no. 2: 98-105.
Faults and anomalies in buildings are among the main causes of building energy waste and occupant discomfort. An effective automatic fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) process in buildings can therefore save a significant amount of energy and improve the comfort level. Fault diagnosability analysis and an optimal FDD-oriented sensor placement are prerequisites for effective, efficient and successful diagnostics. This paper addresses the problem of fault diagnosability for smart buildings. The method used in the paper is a model-based technique which uses Dulmage-Mendelsohn decomposition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this method is used for applications in smart buildings. First a dynamic model for a zone in a real-case building is developed in which faults are also introduced. Then fault diagnosability is investigated by analyzing the fault isolability of the model. Based on the investigation, it was concluded that not all the faults in the model are diagnosable. Then an approach for placing new sensors is implemented. It is observed that for two test scenarios, placing additional sensors in the model leads to full diagnosability. Since sensors placement is key for an effective FDD process, the optimal placement of such sensors is also studied in this work. A case study of campus building OU44 at the University of Southern Denmark is considered. The results show that as the system gets more complicated by introducing more faults, additional sensors should be added to achieve full diagnosability.
Max Emil S. Trothe; Hamid Reza Shaker; Muhyiddine Jradi; Krzysztof Arendt. Fault Isolability Analysis and Optimal Sensor Placement for Fault Diagnosis in Smart Buildings. Energies 2019, 12, 1601 .
AMA StyleMax Emil S. Trothe, Hamid Reza Shaker, Muhyiddine Jradi, Krzysztof Arendt. Fault Isolability Analysis and Optimal Sensor Placement for Fault Diagnosis in Smart Buildings. Energies. 2019; 12 (9):1601.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMax Emil S. Trothe; Hamid Reza Shaker; Muhyiddine Jradi; Krzysztof Arendt. 2019. "Fault Isolability Analysis and Optimal Sensor Placement for Fault Diagnosis in Smart Buildings." Energies 12, no. 9: 1601.