Objetivo: avaliar a autoimagem corporal, segurança alimentar e os fatores associados em residentes em um território de abrangência de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de um município do interior da Paraíba. Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo com amostra intencional realizado em janeiro de 2020 no município de Nova Floresta, Paraíba. Utilizou-se questionário estruturado com dados socioeconômicos, autoimagem, segurança alimentar. Resultados: foram altas a prevalência nos diferentes níveis de insegurança alimentar, bem como, a autoimagem mais negativa, principalmente entre as mulheres, com mais baixo nível de escolaridade e com excesso de peso. A associação com o ganho de peso recente e o modo de consumo na hora das refeições teve relações com a autoimagem corporal, bem como nível leve de insegurança alimentar. Conclusão: O sexo, assim como o nível de escolaridade, o estado nutricional e o nível de insegurança alimentar e nutricional tiveram relação com a imagem corporal.

Maestría en Física Médica UAEMéx Purpose: To examine the association between diaphragmatic thickness, assessed by ultrasonography, and upper arm muscle area (AMA), indicating nutritional status, in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP), stratified by gross motor function severity. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 children aged 2–12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of CP were evaluated. Participants were stratified into ambulatory (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] I–III) and non-ambulatory (GMFCS IV–V) groups. Anthropometric parameters were collected to estimate AMA, and diaphragmatic thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasonography. Results: In the non-ambulatory group (GMFCS IV–V), diaphragmatic thickness showed a significant positive correlation with AMA during both inspiration ( r = 0.50; p = 0.002) and expiration ( r = 0.67; p < 0.001). No significant correlations were observed in ambulatory participants (GMFCS I–III). Moderate muscle mass deficits were common among non-ambulatory children, and approximately 60% of the total sample showed risk of adipose tissue deficit. Conclusion: In children with severe CP, a significant association between muscle reserve and diaphragmatic thickness suggests a functional link between nutritional status and respiratory muscle morphology. Diaphragmatic ultrasonography may serve as a non-invasive tool for integrated nutritional and respiratory monitoring in pediatric neurorehabilitation.

Purpose: To examine the association between diaphragmatic thickness and upper arm muscle area (AMA), as a surrogate of nutritional status, in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) stratified by gross motor function severity. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were stratified into ambulatory (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] I–III) and non-ambulatory (GMFCS IV–V) groups. AMA was estimated from anthropometric measurements, and diaphragmatic thickness was assessed by B- and M-mode ultrasonography; between-group comparisons used the Mann–Whitney U test and associations were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ). Results: Fifty children aged 2–12 years with a confirmed CP diagnosis were evaluated (14 ambulatory, 36 non-ambulatory). In the non-ambulatory group, diaphragmatic thickness showed significant positive correlations with AMA during inspiration (ρ = 0.50; p = 0.002) and expiration (ρ = 0.67; p < 0.001). These subgroup-specific associations should be interpreted as exploratory, as the AMA × GMFCS interaction did not reach statistical significance. No significant correlations were observed in ambulatory participants. Moderate muscle mass deficits were prevalent among non-ambulatory children, and approximately 63% of the total sample presented adipose tissue deficit or risk thereof. Conclusions: In children with severe CP, a significant association between peripheral muscle reserve and diaphragmatic thickness suggests a possible functional link between nutritional status and respiratory muscle morphology. These preliminary findings support further investigation of diaphragmatic ultrasonography as a non-invasive tool for combined nutritional and respiratory monitoring in pediatric neurorehabilitation.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of ChatGPT carbohydrate estimates for commonly consumed Brazilian foods with standardised composition, and to compare free-tier with subscription-tier versions and simplified with elaborated prompts. Methods: A 2 × 2 factorial design covered the 20 most frequently acquired foods in the Brazilian Household Budget Survey (POF 2017–2018). Each food was queried once under four conditions: model tier (GPT-5.1 Instant, free; GPT-5.1 Thinking, subscription) × prompt complexity (lay user; expert). Following the ISO 15197 architecture, an estimate was clinically accurate when its deviation from the Brazilian Diabetes Society (SBD) reference was within 1.0 g per 100 g or 15%, whichever was more permissive. Analyses accounted for the clustering of four observations within each food (Bland–Altman for clustered data, within-food paired tests, linear mixed models with a food random intercept). Results: ChatGPT returned usable estimates for all 80 queries; overall clinical accuracy was 85.0% (68/80; 95% CI 75.3–92.0). No evidence of differences was observed between model tiers or prompt strategies (85.0% in all four conditions; exact McNemar, p = 1.000). Mean absolute error ranged from 1.14 to 1.43 g per 100 g. Agreement analysis showed a small, non-significant tendency towards underestimation (− 0.37 g per 100 g; 95% limits of agreement − 4.42 to + 3.69; p = 0.389). Conclusion: Under controlled conditions, 85.0% of estimates fell within this accuracy margin, and no evidence was found that model tier or prompt complexity influenced estimation error. These findings do not establish clinical safety, effectiveness, equivalence between tiers, or suitability for unsupervised patient use.

The objective of this article was to describe aspects related to food and nutrition security among overweight and obese individuals residing in a territory covered by a Basic Health Unit in a county in the interior of Paraíba. Cross-sectional, descriptive study with an intentional sample carried out in January 2020 in the county of Nova Floresta, Paraíba. A structured questionnaire with socioeconomic data was used; food security assessment through the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale; consumption pattern; anthropometric assessment. It is observed that most of the interviewees were female, with their own house paid off, knowing how to read and write easily and without a fixed income. The prevalence was higher for food insecurity and its different levels, as well as, mainly among women, with lower educational level and overweight. During the week, most respondents have meals at home and with other people, sitting at the table; at its end they think they have eaten enough. Every day or twice a week, the most consumed food are basic food of Brazilian food culture. The interviewees less frequently consume processed and ultra-processed food. El objetivo fue describir aspectos relacionados con la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional entre individuos con sobrepeso y obesidad residentes en un territorio de cobertura de una Unidad Básica de Salud en un municipio del interior de Paraíba. Estudio transversal, descriptivo con muestra intencional realizado en enero de 2020 en el municipio de Nova Floresta, Paraíba. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado con datos socioeconómicos; evaluación de la seguridad alimentaria a través de la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria; patrón de consumo; y evaluación antropométrica. Se observa que la mayoría de los entrevistados eran del sexo femenino, con casa propia pagada, sabiendo leer y escribir con facilidad y sin ingresos fijos. La prevalencia fue mayor para la inseguridad alimentaria y sus diferentes niveles, así como, principalmente entre las mujeres, con menor nivel educativo y sobrepeso. Durante la semana, la mayoría de los encuestados comen en casa y con otras personas, sentados a la mesa; al final creen que han comido lo suficiente. Los alimentos más consumidos todos los días o dos veces por semana son básicos de la cultura alimentaria brasileña. Los encuestados consumen con menor frecuencia alimentos procesados ​​y ultraprocesados. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever os aspectos relacionados à segurança alimentar e nutricional entre indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade residentes em um território de abrangência de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de um município do interior da Paraíba. Estudo transversal, descritivo com amostra intencional, realizado em janeiro de 2020 no município de Nova Floresta, Paraíba. Utilizou-se questionário estruturado com dados socioeconômicos; avaliação de segurança alimentar através da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar; padrão de consumo; e avaliação antropométrica. Observa-se que a maior parte dos entrevistados eram do sexo feminino, com casa própria quitada, sabendo ler e escrever com facilidade e sem renda fixa. A prevalência foi maior para a insegurança alimentar e seus diferentes níveis, bem como, principalmente entre as mulheres, com mais baixo nível de escolaridade e com excesso de peso. Durante a semana, a maioria dos entrevistados realiza refeições em casa e com outras pessoas, sentado à mesa; ao seu término acham que comeram de forma suficiente. Os alimentos mais consumidos todos os dias ou duas vezes na semana são alimentos básicos da cultura alimentar brasileira. Os entrevistados consomem com menor frequência alimentos processados e ultraprocessados.