Peritoneal adhesions commonly occur after abdominal or pelvic surgery. These scars join internal organs to each other or to the cavity wall and can present with abdominal or pelvic pain, and bowel obstruction or female infertility. The mechanisms underlying adhesion formation remain unclear and thus, effective treatments are not forthcoming. Peritoneal macrophages accumulate after surgery and previous studies have attributed either pro- or anti-scarring properties to these cells. We propose that there are complex and nuanced responses after surgery with respect to both resident and also monocyte-derived peritoneal macrophage subpopulations. Moreover, we contend that differences in responses of specific macrophage subpopulations in part explain the risk of developing peritoneal scars. We characterized alterations in peritoneal macrophage subpopulations after surgery-induced injury using two strains of mice, BALB/c and C57BL/6, with known differences in macrophage response post-infection. At 14 days post-surgery, BALB/c mice displayed more adhesions compared with C57BL/6 mice. This increase in scarring correlated with a lower influx of monocyte-derived macrophages at day 3 post-surgery. Moreover, BALB/c mice showed distinct macrophage repopulation dynamics after surgery. To confirm a role for monocyte-derived macrophages, we used Ccr2-deficient mice as well as antibody-mediated depletion of CCR2 expressing cells during initial stages of adhesion formation. Both Ccr2-deficient and CCR2-depleted mice showed a significant increase in adhesion formation associated with the loss of peritoneal monocyte influx. These findings revealed an important protective role for monocyte-derived cells in reducing adhesion formation after surgery.

Fibrin glue, which is formed from the action of thrombin (a serine protease) on fibrinogen, has been developed for use as an adhesive to increase the success of skin graft surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate if bubaline fibrin glue would promote skin graft survival in pigs. The grafting was divided into two steps. First, granulation wound preparation was performed in a healthy swine by creating four full-skin depth wounds (3 × 12 cm²) at the dorsal part of the loin area on each side. Second, pinch and punch skin grafting, where eight skin discs (0.6 cm diameter) were regularly placed (0.6 cm distance apart) in the granulation tissue bed of each wound, was performed 5 days later. The bubaline fibrin glue was added prior to application of the 16 skin graft discs in two of the wounds, while no glue was added to the other 16 skin graft discs in the other two wounds. The number of surviving graft pieces and histological examination was evaluated after 3, 7, and 14 days post-operation and compared by pairing between the control and the bubaline fibrin glue groups. The number of grafts that remained at 3 and 7 days post-operation and the number of new microvessels at 3 days post-operation were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the bubaline fibrin glue group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the number of fibroblasts, the intensity of scarring and the intensity of inflammation between the two groups, except for the significantly lower intensity of inflammation at 7 days post-operation in the bubaline fibrin glue group. In conclusion, bubaline fibrin glue has the advantage of decreasing the skin graft loss by approximately 31.3–37.5% compared with the control group and also promotes angiogenesis.

Peritoneal adhesions commonly occur after abdominal or pelvic surgery. These scars join internal organs to each other or to the cavity wall and can present with abdominal or pelvic pain, and bowel obstruction or female infertility. The mechanisms underlying adhesion formation remain unclear and thus, effective treatments are not forthcoming. Peritoneal macrophages accumulate after surgery and previous studies have attributed either pro- or anti-scarring properties to these cells. We propose that there are complex and nuanced responses after surgery with respect to both resident and also monocyte-derived peritoneal macrophage subpopulations. Moreover, we contend that differences in responses of specific macrophage subpopulations in part explain the risk of developing peritoneal scars. We characterised alterations in peritoneal macrophage subpopulations after surgery-induced injury using two strains of mice, BALB/c and C57BL/6, with known differences in macrophage response post-infection. At 14 days post-surgery, BALB/c mice displayed more adhesions compared with C57BL/6 mice. This increase in scarring correlated with a lower influx of monocyte-derived macrophages at day 3 post-surgery. Moreover, BALB/c mice showed distinct macrophage repopulation dynamics after surgery. To confirm a role for monocyte-derived macrophages, we used Ccr2 -deficient mice as well as antibody-mediated depletion of CCR2 expressing cells during initial stages of adhesion formation. Both Ccr2 -deficient and CCR2-depleted mice showed a significant increase in adhesion formation associated with the loss of peritoneal monocyte influx. These findings revealed an important protective role for monocyte-derived cells in reducing adhesion formation after surgery.

The veterinary curriculum includes an anesthesia and surgery course that utilizes live animal laboratories and euthanasia, potentially causing stress in students. We used a validated psychology questionnaire to assess their stress levels, confirming that live animal laboratories induce significant stress. Forty-two fourth year veterinary students, including individuals who identified as male, female, and LGBTQ, and who held religious beliefs in Buddhism and Islam, volunteered to participate in the study. The study had received ethical approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee at Prince of Songkla University. After series of stress questionnaires before and after Veterinary surgery and anaesthesia class, female and Islamic students reported more stress in both carcass and live animal laboratories, while Buddhism students and male students reported less stress, respectively (p

This study aimed to enhance conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) by incorporating 15 % chitosan, 5 % bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.05 % tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and 1 μg translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), resulting in an enhanced-GIC formulation. The study evaluated its adhesion properties, biocompatibility, and ability to promote pulp tissue healing in rabbit anterior teeth. The enhanced-GIC was tested in a rabbit model to assess its physical adhesion and biological effects on pulp tissue. Following cavity preparation and material placement, the teeth were observed for 21 days. Histological evaluations focused on inflammation, toxicity, and collagen synthesis in pulp tissue. The enhanced-GIC showed comparable adhesion properties to conventional GIC. Histological analysis revealed no significant inflammation or toxicity in the pulp tissue of either group. The enhanced-GIC group exhibited superior biocompatibility, demonstrated by increased lymphocyte infiltration and enhanced collagen synthesis within the pulp tissue, suggesting its potential for promoting tissue regeneration. The enhanced-GIC formulation shows promise as a sublining material in restorative dentistry, offering benefits in pulp tissue healing and collagen formation, while maintaining adhesion comparable to conventional GIC. This study highlights enhanced-GIC's potential for use in dental restorative procedures, particularly for cases requiring pulp regeneration.