In recent years, with the intensification of climate change, the occurrence of heavy rain events has become more frequent. Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall have become one of the common geological disasters around the world. This study selects an extreme rainfall event in August 2018 in Jiexi County, Guangdong province, as the research object. Based on high-resolution remote sensing images before and after the event, visual interpretation is conducted to obtain a detailed distribution map of rainfall-induced landslides. The results show that a total of 1844 rainfall-induced landslides were triggered within Jiexi County during this rainfall event. In terms of triggered scale, the total area of the landslides is 3.3884 million m², with the largest individual landslide covering an area of 22,300 m² and the smallest one covering an area of 417.78 m². The landslides are concentrated in the northeastern, central, and southwestern parts of the study area, consistent with the distribution trend of rainfall intensity. To investigate further the influence of the regional environment on landslide distribution, this study selects eight influencing factors, including elevation, slope aspect, slope angle, topographic wetness index (TWI), topographic relief, lithology, distance to river, and accumulated rainfall. The landslide number density (LND) and landslide area percentage (LAP) are used as evaluation indicators. Based on statistical analysis using a data analysis platform, the relationship between landslide distribution and influencing factors triggered by this event is revealed. The results of this study will contribute to understanding the development law of regional rainfall-induced landslides and provide assistance for disaster prevention and mitigation in the area. The research results show that the elevation range of 100–150 m is the high-risk zone for landslides. In addition, this study has verified previous findings that slopes in the southeast direction are more prone to landslides. The steeper the slope, the more significant its influence on landslide development. When the topographic wetness index (TWI) is less than 4, landslides tend to have a high-density distribution. Greater variation in terrain relief is more likely to trigger landslides. The instability of lithology in Mesozoic strata is the main cause of landslides. The farther away from the water system, the fewer landslides occur. An increase in cumulative rainfall leads to an increase in both the number and area of landslides.

Rescue-induced vibrations easily trigger dynamic instability and secondary collapse of post-disaster metastable structures, threatening rescue safety and efficiency. This paper comprehensively reviews research on vibration-induced instability and dynamic responses and mitigation strategies of these discontinuous structural systems. We analyze vibration propagation, energy concentration and progressive collapse mechanisms, and summarize parameterized modeling, physical tests and mainstream numerical methods including FEM, DEM and F-DEM, with their pros and cons compared. Typical vibration-mitigation technologies such as passive support, damping reinforcement, and semi-active and active control are classified and discussed, and nonlinear energy sinks as well as anti-phase control are elaborated on. Validation studies in rescue-training bases are also presented. Finally, the study is synthesized to clarify the interconnections among dynamic monitoring, structural modeling, and vibration mitigation. This review-derived synthesis identifies current knowledge gaps and outlines future research directions for rescue-oriented dynamic safety assessment. This review provides theoretical and engineering references for safe disaster rescue.