Metabolic syndrome (MetS) corresponds with multiple risk factors. Many studies have indicated that MetS significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The prevalence of MetS was estimated to be one third of the general Mongolian population in 2015. The purpose of our study was to determine polymorphisms of the LEP (Leptin) and LEPR (Leptin receptor) genes that show susceptibility to MetS and to predict the genetic risk of MetS. We selected 160 cases with MetS and 144 with healthy controls. The G2548A polymorphism of the LEP gene and the A668G (Q223R) polymorphism of the LEPR gene were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results of the regression analysis showed that the 2548 amino acids (AA) of LEP gene carriers had increased incidences of MetS (OR = 3.23; p = 0.035). Patients with MetS who were 2548A allele carriers had an increased concentration of serum leptin (p = 0.011). Moreover, G2548A of LEP polymorphism was associated with elevated body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the case group. Our results confirm that the LEP G2548A loci is the independent risk factor of MetS.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. In Mongolia, preeclampsia and eclampsia have occurred among pregnancy complications at a rate of 25% in recent years. Recent studies in the literature have screened for preeclampsia by combining maternal factors with biomarkers. This study was conducted using prospective cohort research including 393 singleton pregnancies at 11–13⁺⁶ weeks. Maternal plasmas pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) were measured using Perkin Elmer time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (DELFIA) kits, and the measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP) was performed by automated devices and the uterine artery pulsatility index was measured by Doppler ultrasound. In the study population, there were 16.7% showing complicated preeclampsia. The receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed a sensitivity of 71.21%, and a specificity of 75.54% when the mean arterial pressure cut-off was 89.5 mm; while a sensitivity of 33.36% and specificity of 77.68% were observed when the uterine artery mean pulsatility index (mPI) cut-off was 2.34; a sensitivity of 79.66% and specificity of 44.04% were observed when the PAPP-A cut-off was 529.1 mU/L; and a sensitivity of 74.58% and specificity of 46.6% were observed when the PlGF cut-off was 39.87 pg/mL. The detection rates following the combination of markers with the maternal history were as follows: 62.7% with mean arterial pressure, 69.5–82.9% with two markers 86.5% with three markers and 91.4% with four markers. In conclusion, the mean arterial pressure was highly sensitive and demonstrated its easy usage and cost-effectiveness as a predictive marker for the early screening of preeclampsia from other biomarkers.