This review’s objectives are to provide an overview of the various kinds of biopolymer hydrogels that are currently used for bone tissue and periodontal tissue regeneration, to list the advantages and disadvantages of using them, to assess how well they might be used for nanoscale fabrication and biofunctionalization, and to describe their production processes and processes for functionalization with active biomolecules. They are applied in conjunction with other materials (such as microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs)) and other novel techniques to replicate physiological bone generation more faithfully. Enhancing the biocompatibility of hydrogels created from blends of natural and synthetic biopolymers can result in the creation of the best scaffold match to the extracellular matrix (ECM) for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration. Additionally, adding various nanoparticles can increase the scaffold hydrogel stability and provide a number of biological effects. In this review, the research study of polysaccharide hydrogel as a scaffold will be critical in creating valuable materials for effective bone tissue regeneration, with a future impact predicted in repairing bone defects.

Fabrication of photocatalytic TiO2 particles onto PET-g-PAAc fabric has been succeeded by ultrasonic-gamma irradiation methods. Ultrasonic irradiation assisted for good distribution of TiO2 particles onto the surface of PET fabric in a uniform manner at ambient conditions. The product modify PET fabric was characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the grafting of COOH groups onto PET fabric. SEM images revealed a good dispersed and adherent obtained TiO2 particle onto PET fabric. Results obtained from X-ray diffraction indicating TiO2 (Degussa P25) in the anatase and rutile phases. The degradation process of three different dyes remazol red, amido black and toluidine blue from aqueous solutions by TiO2@PET-g-PAAc was investigated using modified photo reactor. It was found that decoluorization of toluidine blue was 99 % after 60 min. The reused of TiO2@PET-g-PAAc showed that the activity of TiO2@PET-g-PAAc for degradation still remained good which conclude that PET fabric makes TiO2 easily recovered, which overcomes the disadvantage of separation difficulty of common catalyst after or through degradation processing.

Fluorescence label preparation, being the core of sensing and imaging, is the most interesting aspect of label technology. Using the gamma irradiation technique, a facial method is proposed to prepare organostarch consisting of polyaniline and starch. Polyaniline was introduced into starch molecules to form an inclusion complex between V-type starch and aniline monomer. The inclusion complex thus formed consisted of starch-aniline crosslink caused by gamma irradiation through organostarch crosslinks. Thus, organostarch develops fluorescence property at 470 nm possibly through the interaction of aniline and starch, which are both fluorophores. A comparative analysis of variations is performed in common fluorescent labels of starch and organostarch based on their physico-chemical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were utilized to confirm the inclusion of polyaniline into starch molecules. Furthermore, using a fluorescence microscope, the positive implementation of fluorescent organostarch was verified. Fluorescent organostarch can be synthesized through this simple method and can be widely used for developing biomarkers and biosensors in food and biomedical industries. Organostarch produces florescence under mild conditions even without complicated preparations, such as additives for labelling with dye fluorescence. The intensity of fluorescence of organostarch was 17,000 times that of natural starch.