Corrosion remains a significant challenge in the oil and gas industry, adversely impacting all stages of the production cycle, including exploration, extraction, transportation, and refining. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of corrosion mechanisms, classification systems, and the practical application of corrosion inhibitors, with particular emphasis on their effectiveness in protecting oilfield and refinery equipment. Special attention is given to organic corrosion inhibitors, specifically those based on imidazolines, phosphonates, and urotropine. These compounds are known for their ability to form protective films that reduce corrosion rates in harsh environments characterized by high concentrations of H₂S, CO₂, and other aggressive agents. Imidazoline-based inhibitors are recognized for their capacity to establish hydrophobic barriers on metal surfaces, while phosphonates are particularly effective under high-temperature conditions. Urotropine, in turn, demonstrates considerable efficiency in acidizing operations commonly employed in well stimulation. The review also explores the synergistic effects achieved through the combined use of different corrosion inhibitors, resulting in improved overall protection. In addition, it addresses critical challenges such as the environmental impact and toxicity of certain conventional inhibitors, underscoring the urgent need for the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives. This analysis aims to support the optimization of corrosion control strategies, thereby enhancing operational reliability and extending the service life of vital infrastructure in the oil and gas sector.

Nanostructured n-Bi₂O₃/p-CuBi₂O₄/p-CuO photocathodes with incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency IPCE_max = 70% (λ = 400 nm) have been prepared using electrochemical and chemical methods. Platelet-like BiOI nanocrystals electrochemically deposited on FTO substrate were used as precursors. CuI nanoparticles were deposited on the BiOI surface by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction technique. Oxidative heat treatment of BiOI/CuI heterostructure in air leads to the formation of the Bi₂O₃/CuBi₂O₄/CuO composite. Binary oxide was formed as a result of solid-state interaction between bismuth and copper oxides at their interface. Spectral sensitization of wide-gap n-Bi₂O₃ (band gap E_g = 2.80 eV) with narrow-gap p-CuBi₂O₄ (E_g = 1.80 eV) and p-CuO (E_g = 1.45 eV) extends spectral sensitivity range up to 800 nm by Z-scheme implementation: cathodic photocurrent is associated with the transition of photoelectrons from p-CuBi₂O₄ and p-CuO to the solution, while photoholes recombine with electrons of n-Bi₂O₃ conduction band. High quantum efficiency of photocurrent was achieved due to band-edge correlation in a three-component oxide heterostructure, combined with an internal electric field in p-CuBi₂O₄ and effective photon absorption by two narrow-band-gap p-CuBi₂O₄ and p-CuO semiconductors.

This study investigates, for the first time, the influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) concen­tration in the precursor solution on the structural, morphological, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of BiSI/Bi13S18I2 thin films synthesized via one-step chemical bath depo­sition. By varying the PVP content from 0 to 3.0 wt.%, a clear correlation is established bet­ween polymer-assisted precursor stabilization, phase formation pathways, and the result­ing PEC performance. SEM and XRD analyses reveal that 2.5 wt.% PVP yields dense, uniform, and highly crystalline heterophase BiSI/Bi13S18I2 films with minimized grain-boun­dary den­sity, whereas insufficient polymer leads to discontinuous coatings and excess PVP induces surface passivation and suppressed crystallization. The optimized film (2.5 wt.% PVP) exhibits the highest photocurrent density (15.7 ± 0.31 μA cm-2) and quantum efficiency (IPCE at 465 nm = 2.62 ± 0.04 %) in 0.5 M Na2SO4. To elucidate interfacial charge-transfer kinetics and operational stability, the PEC behaviour was further investigated in electrolytes with varying redox activity: Na2SO4, Na2SO3, and a mixed electrolyte of Na2SO3 + Na2SO4. The inert sulphate electrolyte reflects intrinsic semiconductor performance and provides the highest stability, whereas sulphite-containing solutions reveal defect-mediated pathways, accelerated hole extraction, and increased susceptibility to photocorrosion. The mixed electrolyte yields the highest photocurrent (25.21 ± 0.38 μA cm-2) but also demonstrates amplified dark currents and gradual degradation. These results establish a structure-property-performance relationship for Bi-based chalcohalide photoanodes and provide practical guidelines for tuning polymer concentration and electrolyte composition to enhance PEC efficiency and stability in aqueous solar-driven systems.

Антикоррозионные праймерные покрытия на основе акрилатных триалкоксисиланов