Despite advances in immunotherapy, the treatment of breast cancer still remains a major global problem. In a previous study, we showed that co-blockade of Interleukin-33/ST2 and Programmed death-1/Programmed death-ligand (PD-1/PD-L) signaling pathways strongly slows progression by enhancing the antitumor capacity of natural killer (NK) cells. The main aim of this study is to elucidate the exact effect of co-blockade on the T lymphocyte and macrophage effector cells. 4T1 cells were used to induct breast cancer in female BALB/C and BALB/C ST2^−/− mice. The mice, both BALB/C and BALB/C ST2^−/−, were treated with anti-PD-1 antibody on certain days. After the mice were sacrificed, T cells and macrophages were analyzed using flow cytometry; dual co-blockade increased significantly the percentage of M1 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, followed by an increase in expression of CD86⁺ and TNFα⁺. T cell accumulation was significantly higher in the spleen and within the tumor microenvironment, with elevation in activation markers such as Interleukin-17, CD69, NKG2D, and FasL and a decrease in Interleukin-10 and FoxP3 expression. Co-blockade of the PD-1/PD-L axes and IL-33/ST2 axes shows promising results in reestablishing an effective immune response and offers a new perspective on improving immune response to breast carcinoma.

Background and Objectives: A number of published studies comparing transanal haemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) and conventional haemorrhoidectomy (CH) have primarily focused on short-term outcomes, while data on long-term results remains scarce. This study aimed to compare Doppler-guided THD and CH with emphasis on both early and long-term postoperative results. Methods: This retrospective study included 336 patients who underwent CH (Group 1, n = 189) or Doppler-guided THD (Group 2, n = 147). The groups were compared according to demographic data, HD stage, symptoms, complications, duration of hospital stay, postoperative pain, patient satisfaction, and recurrence rates after 18 months of surgery. Results: There was no difference between groups regarding gender, although there were statistically significant distinctions in terms of disease stage and age (p < 0.001), with the emphasis that in CH group patients had advanced stage of disease and were older. THD was associated with significantly lower postoperative pain, with median visual analogue scale (VAS) scores on postoperative days 1, 2, and 7 of 5, 3, and 1, compared with 7, 5, and 3 after CH (p < 0.001). There was no difference in VAS on POD 30 between groups. Median hospital stay was significantly shorter after THD (1 vs. 3 days; p < 0.001). Patients undergoing CH required more analgesics, laxatives, and follow-up visits within the first postoperative month (p ≤ 0.008). Postoperative complications occurred in nine patients, without significant differences between groups. During the 18-month follow-up period, HD recurrence occurred in seven patients and was more frequent after THD. Additionally, two THD patients developed anal fissures. Conclusions: Doppler-guided THD is a safe and effective treatment for HD, providing reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery, and shorter hospitalization. Long-term outcomes were favourable in both groups, with a trend of lower recurrence rate in the CH group.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies, and patients' nutritional status plays a crucial role in postoperative recovery. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of nutritional status on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: This observational study included 50 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery. Data on anthropometric, laboratory, and clinical parameters were collected, including body weight, BMI, NRS-2002, SGA, and mGPS. Surgical variables such as type and duration of the procedure, as well as postoperative complications classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, χ² test, ANOVA, and logistic regression to assess the impact of nutritional status on postoperative outcomes. Results: Anthropometric, laboratory, and clinical parameters were analyzed using validated nutritional screening tools (NRS-2002, SGA). The results showed that patients with higher nutritional risk had prolonged hospital stays and an increased risk of postoperative complications. Inflammatory status, measured by the mGPS score, was significantly correlated with recovery time. Nutritional interventions, including preoperative supplementation, demonstrated potential in improving treatment outcomes. Conclusion: This study confirms the importance of early nutritional screening and individualized nutritional support in reducing postoperative complications and improving the quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer.

Objective. To evaluate the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal resections for colorectal cancer in a single Serbian tertiary centre. Methods. A retrospective cohort study included 97 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic colorectal resections between January 2013 and March 2018. Demographic, perioperative, and oncologic data were analysed. Primary outcomes were 30-day morbidity and mortality; secondary outcomes included operative time, conversion, re-intervention, length of stay, and lymph-node yield. Logistic regression identified independent predictors of complications. Results. The cohort comprised 59 men (60.8%) and 38 women (39.2%), with a median age of 71 years. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 6 patients (6.1%), while re-intervention was required in 3 (3.1%). The median operative time was 120 minutes for colonic and 175 minutes for rectal resections. Median lymph-node yield was 15, with all achieving R0 resection. The overall 30-day morbidity rate was 17.5%, with no perioperative deaths. General complications occurred in 12.4% and surgery-specific complications in 11.3%, with partial overlap. Median length of stay was 9 days, significantly longer in men and diabetic patients. Logistic regression confirmed cardiomyopathy as an independent predictor of postoperative complications (OR 7.5, p = 0.008). Conclusion. Laparoscopic colorectal resections in this series were associated with acceptable morbidity, no mortality, low conversion, and adequate oncologic quality. Cardiomyopathy was identified as a major perioperative risk factor, highlighting the need for tailored perioperative management.

Introduction. Castleman disease is a rare disease of the unknown etiology, occuring in two clinical forms: unicentric or multicentric. It is characterized by the hyperplasia of lymph glands. In literature the four pathohistological forms were described: hyaline vascular type, plasma cell type, mixed type and a recently recognized plasmablastic type. The most frequent changes are localized in the mediastinum, while the abdominal localization is with significatly rare occurrence, and that was the motive for presentation of this case. Case report. In a 41-year old male magnetic resonance (MR) enterography showed a change in the ileocecal area without the presence of subjective symptoms of digestive tract and without loss of body mass. Due to the suspicion of stromal tumor, surgical intervention was indicated. Pathohistological findings showed Castleman lymphadenopathia reactiva mesenterii (plasma cell type) which was in the unicentric form. There were present only anaemia and the increased value of sedimentation from the laboratory analyses. Conclusion. Abdominal localization of unicentric plasma cell form occurs rarely and the surgical method of treatment presents the golden standard as it was shown in the presented case.