Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. To date, and despite the advances in conventional treatment options, therapy in cancer is still far from optimal due to the non-specific systemic biodistribution of antitumor agents. The inadequate drug concentrations at the tumor site led to an increased incidence of multiple drug resistance and the appearance of many severe undesirable side effects. Nanotechnology, through the development of nanoscale-based pharmaceuticals, has emerged to provide new and innovative drugs to overcome these limitations. In this review, we provide an overview of the approved nanomedicine for cancer treatment and the rationale behind their designs and applications. We also highlight the new approaches that are currently under investigation and the perspectives and challenges for nanopharmaceuticals, focusing on the tumor microenvironment and tumor disseminate cells as the most attractive and effective strategies for cancer treatments.

Despite remarkable advances in the knowledge of molecular biology and treatment, ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer. In the last decade, there have been important advances both in systemic and surgical treatment. However, there is no doubt that the incorporation of PARP inhibitors as maintenance after the response to platinum-based chemotherapy, first in recurrent disease and recently also in first line, will change the natural history of the disease.The objective of this guide is to summarize the current evidence for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of ovarian cancer, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.

In recent years, the incorporation of new strategies to the therapeutic armamentarium has completely changed the outcomes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The identification of new predictive and prognostic biomarkers has also enabled the selection of those patients more likely to respond to targeted agents. Nevertheless, EOC is still a highly lethal disease and resistance to many of these new agents is common. The objective of this guideline is to summarize the most relevant strategies to manage EOC, to help the clinician throughout the challenging diagnostic and therapeutic processes and to provide evidence-based recommendations.

Objectives: To estimate the added value of dostarlimab compared to durvalumab and pembrolizumab as first-line treatment for adult patients with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) in Spain using a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework. Methods: Following the Evidence and Value: Impact on Decision Making (EVIDEM) framework and International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) recommendations, 25 Spanish experts (12 medical oncologists and 13 hospital pharmacists) weighted and scored 11 quantitative and 5 qualitative criteria based on an evidence matrix from a literature review. Results: Efficacy and safety were weighted as the most important criteria. Dostarlimab showed positive added value in both comparisons with scores of 0.58 versus durvalumab/durvalumab + olaparib and 0.50 versus pembrolizumab. Dostarlimab and pembrolizumab are the only therapies reimbursed in the Spanish public health system; therefore, their comparative assessment is of clinical and strategic relevance. While pembrolizumab may show longer progression-free survival (PFS) and response duration in specific subgroups, the evidence for dostarlimab—including a statistically significant improvement in overall survival (OS) in the overall population as a primary endpoint, more robust data, and favorable long-term quality-of-life outcomes—was considered by the expert panel to support a more favorable assessment. Conclusions: Within the MCDA framework, experts consider dostarlimab an option with a higher value contribution for adult patients with primary advanced or recurrent EC. Its clinical benefits, improved quality-of-life outcomes, and alignment with healthcare priorities promote treatment continuity and adherence in clinical practice. MCDA provided a transparent approach for multidimensional evaluation of these therapies.