This study evaluates the impact of biotic elicitors and hormone regimes on the in vitro establishment, shoot multiplication, and organogenesis of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Fianna under controlled laboratory conditions. Explants derived from pre-treated tubers were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with vitamins and varying concentrations of growth regulators or elicitors. Aseptic establishment achieved a high success rate (~95%) using a 6% sodium hypochlorite disinfection protocol. Multiplication was significantly enhanced with a combination of 0.2 mg L⁻¹ naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5–1.0 mg L⁻¹ benzylaminopurine (BAP), producing the greatest number and length of shoots and roots. Direct organogenesis was stimulated by bio-elicitors Activane^®, Micobiol^®, and Stemicol^® in (MS) basal medium at mid-level concentrations (0.5 g or mL L⁻¹), improving shoot number, elongation, and root development. Activane^®, Micobiol^®, and Stemicol^® are commercial elicitors that stimulate plant defense pathways and morphogenesis through salicylic acid, microbial, and jasmonic acid signaling mechanisms, respectively. Indirect organogenesis showed significantly higher callus proliferation in Stemicol^® and Micobiol^® treatments compared to the control medium, resulting in the highest fresh weight, diameter, and friability of callus. The results demonstrate the potential of biotic elicitors as alternatives or enhancers to traditional plant growth regulators in potato tissue culture, supporting more efficient and cost-effective micropropagation strategies.

Potato is an essential crop worldwide, and optimizing micropropagation techniques is important for enhancing germplasm conservation and large-scale production. This study focuses on the in vitro propagation of two potato varieties, Agata and Fianna, emphasizing optimizing sterilization protocols, shoot induction, rooting, and microtuber production. Apical buds from healthy, disease-free plants were selected as explants. These buds were surface-sterilized using 70% ethanol and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with Tween-20. The explants were excised from tuber sprouts and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators, including benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 0.10–0.40 mg/L, gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0.20–1.00 mg/L, and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 0.01 and 0.04 mg/L to promote root development. The study also explored the effects of these hormonal treatments on shoot induction, proliferation, and rooting. Significant differences were observed between the two varieties regarding oxidation, contamination, and aseptic conditions, with Fianna demonstrating better resistance to oxidation and contamination than Agata. Shoot multiplication was most efficient with BAP concentrations of 0.40 mg/L for Fianna and 0.30 mg/L for Agata. Root induction was maximized with higher sucrose concentrations (110 g/L) and GA3 (1.00 mg/L) for Agata, while moderate concentrations of these compounds produced optimal results for Fianna. Microtuber formation was most successful with moderate sucrose (80–100 g/L) and GA3 (0.25–0.75 mg/L) concentrations. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing tissue culture practices for potato propagation, enhancing both microtuber production and the overall efficiency of potato production systems.