Electrospinning has been considered a promising and novel procedure to fabricate polymer nanofibers due to its simplicity, cost effectiveness, and high production rate, making this technique highly relevant for both industry and academia. It is used to fabricate non-woven fibers with unique characteristics such as high permeability, stability, porosity, surface area to volume ratio, ease of functionalization, and excellent mechanical performance. Nanofibers can be synthesized and tailored to suit a wide range of applications including energy, biotechnology, healthcare, and environmental engineering. A comprehensive outlook on the recent developments, and the influence of electrospinning on biomedical uses such as wound dressing, drug release, and tissue engineering, has been presented. Concerns regarding the procedural restrictions and research contests are addressed, in addition to providing insights about the future of this fabrication technique in the biomedical field.

Composite materials are considered as an essential part of our daily life due to their outstanding properties and diverse applications. Polymer composites are a widespread class of composites, characterized by low cost, facile processing methods, and varied applications ranging from daily-use issues to highly complicated electronics and advanced medical combinations. In this review, we focus on the most important fabrication techniques for bioapplied polymer composites such as electrospinning, melt-extrusion, solution mixing, and latex technology, as well as in situ methods. Additionally, significant and recent advances in biomedical applications are spotlighted, such as tissue engineering (including bone, blood vessels, oral tissues, and skin), dental resin-based composites, and wound dressing.

Electrospinning has gained wide attention recently in biomedical applications. Electrospun biocompatible scaffolds are well-known for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering applications. In this review, the synthesis of polymer-based fiber composites using an electrospinning technique is discussed. Formerly, metal particles were then deposited on the surface of electrospun fibers using sputtering technology. Key nanometals for biomedical applications including silver and copper nanoparticles are discussed throughout this review. The formulated scaffolds were found to be suitable candidates for biomedical uses such as antibacterial coatings, surface modification for improving biocompatibility, and tissue engineering. This review briefly mentions the characteristics of the nanostructures while focusing on how nanostructures hold potential for a wide range of biomedical applications.

Tannic acid (TA) is a major pollutant present in the wastewater generated from vegetable tanneries process and food processing. This work studied TA degradation by two advanced oxidation processes (APOs): UV irradiation at the wavelength of 254 nm in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and ferrous iron (photo-Fenton) and in the presence of potassium persulfate. The influence of certain experimental parameters such as K₂S₂O₈, H₂O₂, Fe²⁺, and TA concentrations, initial pH and temperature was evaluated in order to obtain the highest efficiency in terms of aromatics (decay in UV absorbance at 276 nm) and TOC removals. Chemical oxidation of TA (0.1 mM) by UV/persulfate achieved 96.32% of aromatics removal and 54.41% of TOC removal under optimized conditions of pH = 9 and 53.10 mM of K₂S₂O₈ after 60 min. The treatment of TA by photo-Fenton process successfully led to almost complete aromatics removal (99.32%) and high TOC removal (94.27%) from aqueous solutions containing 0.1 mM of TA at natural pH = 3 using 29.4 mM of H₂O₂ and 0.18 mM of Fe²⁺ at 25 °C after 120 min. More efficient degradation of TA by photo-Fenton process than UV/persulfate was obtained, which confirms that hydroxyl radicals are more powerful oxidants than sulfate radicals. The complete removal of organic pollution from natural waters can be accomplished by direct chemical oxidation via hydroxyl radicals generated from photocatalytic decomposition of H₂O₂.

Erosion is the gradual removal of material due to solid particle impingement and results in a failure of pipeline materials. In this study, a series of erosion tests were carried out to investigate the influence of particle speed and impact angle on the erosion mechanism of API X100 pipeline steel. A dry erosion machine was used as the test equipment, while the particle speed ranged from 20 to 80 m/s and impact angles of 30° and 90° were used as test parameters. The eroded API X100 steel surface was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The weight loss and erosion rate were also investigated. The results showed that at a 90° impact angle, a ploughing mechanism was occurring on the tested specimens, while material removal through low-angle cutting was the dominant mechanism at lower impact angles. Embedment of alumina particles on the target steel surface, micro-cutting, and low-angle cutting were observed at low impact angles. Therefore, the scratches, cuttings, and severe ploughings observed on some failed oil and gas pipelines could be attributed to the erosion mechanism.