Objectives: To compare the efficacy of rotating-oscillating heads (ORHs) VS sonic action heads (SAHs) powered toothbrushes on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Methods: An electronic (MEDLINE, Embase, Inspec, PQ SciTech and BIOSIS) and a complementary manual search were made to detect eligible studies. RCTs meeting the following criteria were included: final timepoint longer than 15 days; year of publication after 2000; patients without orthodontic appliances or severe systemic/psychiatric diseases. Studies comparing two or more different types of sonic/roto-oscillating toothbrushes were excluded. Selection of articles, extraction of data, and assessment of quality were made independently by several reviewers. Results: 12 trials (1433 participants) were included. The differences between ORHs and SAHs toothbrushes were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The heterogeneity of data was evaluated. Concerning Plaque Index, both toothbrushes obtained comparable results. Six trials of up to 3 months and at an unclear risk of bias provided significant outcomes in terms of gingival inflammation in favor of ORHs toothbrush. Evidence resulting from three trials of up to 6 months and at a high/low risk of bias stated SAHs toothbrush superiority in gingival inflammation. Conclusions: Both ORHs and SAHs toothbrushes improved the outcomes measured from the baseline. In most of the good quality trials included, SAHs toothbrush showed statistical better long-term results. Due to the shortage of investigations, no further accurate conclusions can be outlined with reference to the superiority of a specific powered toothbrush over the other.

Periodontal infection may contribute to poor glycemic control and systemic inflammation in diabetic patients. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal treatment in diabetic patients by measuring oxidative stress outcomes. Sixty diabetic patients with periodontitis were enrolled, treated with scaling and full-mouth disinfection, and randomly prescribed chlorhexidine mouthwash, antioxidant mouthwash, or ozone therapy. Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), periodontal parameters, and glycated hemoglobin were measured at baseline and then at 1, 3, and 6 months after. At baseline, all patients presented with pathologic levels of plasmatic ROM (388 ± 21.36 U CARR), higher than the normal population. Probing depth, plaque index, and bleeding on probing values showed significant clinical improvements after treatment, accompanied by significant reductions of plasma ROM levels (p < 0.05). At the 6-month evaluation, the mean ROM relapsed to 332 ± 31.76 U CARR. Glycated hemoglobin decreased significantly (∆ = −0.52 units) after treatment. Both the test groups showed longer-lasting improvements of periodontal parameters. In diabetic patients, periodontal treatment was effective at reducing plasma ROM, which is an indicator of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. The treatment of periodontal infection might facilitate glycemic control and decrease systemic inflammation.

Objective: Management of mucositis is essential for the long‐term maintenance of dental implants. This study determined the efficacy, in terms of clinical parameters, of an adjunctive domiciliary agent paired with non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for patients with peri‐implant mucositis.Materials and methods: Patients involved in a periodontal maintenance program were randomly distributed to the domestic use of a chlorhexidine toothpaste and mouthwash (control) or a hypochlorite‐based formula brushing solution (test) after diagnosis of peri‐implant mucositis. A modified approach towards NSPTwas performed after 10 days of domestic use of the assigned maintenance product in both groups. Clinical and patient‐related outcomes were recorded during a 90‐day follow‐up period.Results: Forty patients completed the three‐month study (20 patients per group). Both groups showed relevant clinical and patient outcome improvements after the NSPT (T2) and between T1 and T2 (p < 0 0.01), except for PPD. For the test group, the clinical improvement was significantly greater than that for the control group at the seventh‐day evaluation (T₁) in the gingival index (0–3) and FMBS (%). Favorable outcomes were maintained during the entire follow‐up period.Conclusion: The present study showed that the modified NSPT paired with the domestic use of nitradine‐based formula helps resolve peri‐implant mucositis and that nitradine might represent an alternative to chlorhexidine in these cases.Clinical relevance: The gold standard for nonsurgical maintenance is full‐mouth disinfection. A previous decontamination of the oral cavity with chlorhexidine or nitradine domiciliary for 10 days could reduce plaque and inflammation, resulting in a painless operative session. This protocol may help reduce airborne contamination and the risk of cross‐infection, and during the pandemic, the protocol is safer for clinicians. In the same clinical cases, nitradine may be more efficient than chlorhexidine, and the former has no side effects such as discolouration.

Background. Tooth bleaching is the most frequently employed whitening procedure in clinics. The major side effect of tooth bleaching is dental sensitivity during and after the treatment. Here, we evaluated whether the administration of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), during in-office and at-home procedures may impact on dental sensitivity. Methods. Eighty patients, responding to the study requirements were enrolled according to the following criteria. Group 1 (n = 40), received in-office, 10% ACP prior to 30% professional hydrogen peroxide application. The whitening procedure continued at home using 10% carbamide peroxide with 15% ACP for 15 days. Group 2 (n = 40) received only 30% hydrogen peroxide application and continued the whitening procedures at home, using 10% carbamide hydroxide, without ACP- Casein phosphopeptides (CPP), for 15 days. Dental sensitivity was recorded with a visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline, immediately after, and at 15 days after treatment in the two groups. Results. We observed that patients receiving ACP in the bleaching mixture experienced decreased dental sensitivity (* p ≤ 0.05), as detected by VAS scale analysis immediately following the procedures. Patients receiving ACP-CPP during at-home procedures showed a statistically significant (*** p ≤ 0.0001) reduction of dental sensitivity. Conclusions. We demonstrated that ACP-CPP administration, while exerting the same whitening effects as in control subjects receiving potassium fluoride (PF), had an impact on the reduction of dental sensitivity, improving patient compliance.

Background: Hyaluronic acid and amino acids play an important role in the wound healing process, stimulating the development of the connective tissue and the activity and proliferation of fibroblasts. The aim of the present controlled clinical study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a topical gel formula containing hyaluronic acid and amino acids in terms of wound closure rate, painkiller intake, and patients’ reported pain and edema. Methods: This study included patients in need of a single tooth extraction. Patients were randomized into two groups with differing post-operative care regimens. Patients in the test group used the amino acid and hyaluronic acid-based gel, while the control group did not use any product. Each parameter was measured in both groups at different time points: immediately after surgery, and after 7, 14, 30, and 60 days. Results: A total of 40 patients (46.52 ± 9.84 years old) completed the observational period, and 40 extraction sockets were examined. After 7 days, the edema was significantly lower in the test group. The reported pain was lower in the test group without a significant difference, except for the first time point at 7 days. With the follow-up questionnaire, patients declared to have taken painkillers mainly during the first 7 days after surgery; however, the test group showed a lower need for painkillers than the control group. Conclusion: The post-operative and domiciliary use of an amino acid and hyaluronic acid-based gel for the management of soft tissue closure after tooth extraction is a valid coadjutant to reduce swelling, pain, and the need for painkillers. Additional studies are required to support the results of the present study.

Background: The use of aligner therapy for open bite and deep bite correction has increased in contemporary society. There is no evidence that unify the results present the in literature regarding a real comparison between clinical outcomes and the results predicted by the ClinCheck software 3.0 (Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Furthermore, the literature shows conflicting data about the protocols and not all authors compare the programmed movements and the clinical results obtained for the overbite correction. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to assess the predictability of ClinCheck in the correction of vertical discrepancies by comparing the planned outcomes with the actual clinical results performed with clear aligners. Methods: The research question focused on the effectiveness of ClinCheck in predicting the actual correction of deep bite AND open bite in adult patients. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) were investigated, with the following keywords: overbite AND aligners. A quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, while the risk of bias was evaluated using the ROBINS-I tool 2.0. PROSPERO ID: CRD420251078610. Results: Out of a total of 838 records initially screened, seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were ultimately selected for this systematic review. The analysis focused on assessing the divergence between the overbite correction predicted by ClinCheck and the outcomes observed in clinical practice. Conclusions: ClinCheck demonstrated a predictability of 62.1% for overbite correction in open bite cases and 41.5% in deep bite cases. However, not all studies report the planned tooth movements. Among the studies that addressed this aspect, the majority reported no significant association between the overbite correction predicted during treatment planning and the results ultimately achieved—except for one study, which demonstrated significant accuracy in achieving absolute extrusion in the correction of open bite.