Background: This is the first study to report both cortical and trabecular bone evaluation of mandibles in bruxers, within the knowledge of the authors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bruxism on both the cortical and the trabecular bone in antegonial and gonial regions of the mandible, which is the attachment of the masticatory muscles, by using panoramic radiographic images. Methods: In this study, the data of 65 bruxer (31 female, 34 male) and 71 non-bruxer (37 female, 34 male) young adult patients (20–30 years) were evaluated. Antegonial Notch Depth (AND), Antegonial-Index (AI), Gonial-Index, Fractal Dimension (FD) and Bone Peaks (BP) were evaluated on panoramic radiographic images. The effects of the bruxism, gender and side factors were investigated according to these findings. The statistical significance level was set atP ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean AND of bruxers (2.03 ± 0.91) was significantly higher than non-bruxers (1.57 ± 0.71; P < 0.001). The mean AND of males was significantly higher than females on both sides (P < 0.05). The mean AI of bruxers (2.95 ± 0.50) was significantly higher than non-bruxers (2.77 ± 0.43; P = 0.019). The mean FD on each side was significantly lower in bruxers than in non-bruxers (P < 0.05). The mean FD of males (1.39 ± 0.06) was significantly higher than females (1.37 ± 0.06; P = 0.049). BP were observed in 72.5% of bruxers and 27.5% of non-bruxers. The probability of existing BP, in bruxers was approximately 3.4 times higher than in non-bruxers (P = 0.003), in males was approximately 5.5 times higher than in females (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the morphological differences seen in cortical and trabecular bone in the antegonial and gonial regions of the mandible in bruxers can be emphasized as deeper AND, higher AI, increased of existing BPs, and lower FD, respectively. The appearance of these morphological changes on radiographs may be useful for indication and follow-up of bruxism. Gender is an effective factor on AND, existing BP and FD.

This study aims to investigate the online learning readiness of learners and to examine this readiness according to various variables. The descriptive survey model was used in this study. The data of the study were collected from 1963 higher education students who participated voluntarily according to the convenience sampling method. Demographic information form and online learning readiness scale were used as data collection tools. The pandemic period academic grade point means of students constitute their academic achievement for this study. MANOVA was used to investigate whether the demographic variables influenced the readiness sub-factor mean scores of the students. One-factor ANOVA was used to determine whether the academic achievements of the students differ significantly according to their readiness levels. In this study, it was observed that the students had moderate-level readiness, but they were close to the high-level limit. It was observed that gender, education level and the faculty/college were effective on readiness while the grade level and the type of education were not effective. Learners who have a personal computer, internet connection or smart mobile phone are more ready for online learning. In addition, students with a high level of readiness got academically more successful. Readiness is crucial in the success of the experiences and activities to be performed in the online learning environment. Increasing the technological facilities and computer use, the competence of learners will increase online learning readiness and academic success.

As well known, the Open Source Software becomes the leading information technology day by day. There are open source alternatives of the most of the commercial softwares.In this case study, we will examine the open source software usage on the biggest municipality of Turkey; Çankaya Municipality. The IT department of the municipality uses open source software for various reasons and various places. The usage area includes both servers with internet services and desktop usage. In scope of this paper, the reasons of open source software selection and their usage places will be explained in detail for a case study

In this paper, the cronical problems of computer laboratories which are commonly used on educational institutes will be investigated and an alternative solution to this problems will be provided. In this concept, firstly, PC Based Computer Laboratory’s problems will be investigated in details. Subsequently the Thin Client architecture–which claims that it solves all the problems of PC Based Solutions–will be investigated and the problems of this architecture will pointed out. After this point, our suggestion “Thin Client with Embedded Operating System” architecture will be given in detail and it’s improvements and their disadvantages will be listed. In the last section, cost matrix of a sample computer laboratory which is builded with 3 diffirent architecture will be listed in comperation chart.

In this paper, password management problems of network and system management will be handled. In this concept, password management and its usage in systems and networks will be introduced. Then password management problems that occurs in such situations like employee change, internal or external password distribution, will be investigated. In this paper the determination of password management problems will be done and these problems will be introduced