Background: The Bangladeshi rural and hilly areas people have long tradition to use various medicinal plants for treating different diseases. That’s why, the crude methanolic leaf extract of Ardisia solanacea with its different fractions (petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, n-hexane and chloroform fractions) were subjected to investigate bioactivities in swiss albino mice; namely analgesic, CNS, and Oral hypoglycemic activities, while in-vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity. Methods: Central nervous system activity was investigated by various method such as Elevated plus maze, Hole board, Hole cross and Open field test apparatus. Analgesic activity was evaluated by both acetic acid induced and tail immersion method. Hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test and cytotoxicity was evaluated by Brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Results: In CNS activity, among others fractions, ASCF fraction produced a significant anxiolytic activity in both elevated plus maze and Hole board test. During open-field test almost all the fractions of A. solanacea leaves extract display decreased locomotor activities that indicates significant sedative activity. The ASME and ASCF showed significant peripheral analgesic activity at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight (p < 0.05). In tail immersion method, among others extracts chloroform fractions exhibited significant (p < 0.05) elongation of reaction time 30 min after oral dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively. The methanolic and n-hexane extracts reduced blood glucose level significantly after 90 min with value of 53.94% and 48.15% respectively (p < 0.05). In case of cytotoxicity activity, among other fractions carbon tetrachloride fraction showed lowest LC₅₀ values. Conclusions: From the above results, it is clear that different fractions of A. solanacea showed significant pharmacological potentiality in different in-vitro and in-vivo study model. So, it will be very much possible source for an isolating lead compound for curing the numerous disorders.

Introduction: Inflammation is a major cause of arthritis. Since the conventional medicines used for the treatment of this disease have many side effects, herbal remedies can be proved to be effective in this case. So, the present study was aimed at investigating the quantitative detection of phytochemicals, screening of in vivo anti-inflammatory and the possible anti-arthritic activities of the crude methanol extracts of a traditional medicinal plant Macropanax dispermus leaves (MDML) and stem barks (MDMS). Methods: Quantitative screening of phytochemical constituents was analyzed by standard procedures. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was conducted on Swiss albino mice by using carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema tests, and xylene-induced ear edema test. The possible anti-arthritic activity was done by evaluating the in vitro inhibition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation. Results: The current research showed that MDML contained a considerable amount of flavonoids and alkaloids, and MDMS contained a considerable amount of phenols. MDMS (200, 400 mg/kg) was observed to be an effective and significant (P < 0.001) peripheral anti-inflammatory agent in carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema tests, whereas MDML (400 mg/kg) was observed to have an effective and significant (P < 0.001) neurogenic anti-inflammatory effect in xylene-induced ear edema test as compared to the negative control group. MDMS was observed to be an effective anti-arthritic agent as compared to that of the negative control group. All those effects were dose and concentration-dependent.Conclusion: The present research proved that MDML and MDMS were effective medications for the treatment of inflammation and arthritis.

Boehmeria caudata (Urticaceae) is an unconventional food plant found extensively across the neotropical region, including Central and South America, where its leaves are consumed as vegetables and traditionally used to treat sore throats. This study aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition of the methanolic extract of B. caudata leaves (MEBCL) and explore its pharmacological effects through in vitro , in vivo , and in silico methods. GC–MS investigation identified 14 phytochemicals, including two forms of Vitamin E. MEBCL exhibited a strong in vitro antioxidant effect, with IC ₅₀ values of 63.61 μg/mL for the DPPH assay as well as 130.66 μg/mL for the FRAP assay. In vivo, MEBCL showed notable analgesic effects, as observed in both the acetic acid‐induced writhing model and the formalin‐induced paw‐licking model. MEBCL also showed significant anxiolytic actions in the elevated plus maze and hole board tests. Additionally, MEBCL significantly reduced immobility time in both the forced swimming as well as tail suspension tests, indicating its antidepressant properties. Molecular docking studies revealed that the phytochemicals in MEBCL exhibited significant binding affinity to key drug target proteins associated with oxidative stress, pain, anxiety, and depression. These compounds also have a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile, suggesting their potential as future drug candidates. Therefore, MEBCL can be a valuable reservoir of Vitamin E with notable antioxidant, analgesic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects. However, more in‐depth studies are essential to determine whether B. caudata leaves can be effectively used as a functional food and therapeutic agent.

Artocarpus chama , a widely known fruit‐bearing plant in Asia and locally referred to as Chapalish in Bangladesh, has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. However, its neuropharmacological potential remains largely unexplored in current scientific literature. This research aims to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo neuropharmacological properties of the methanolic extract of A. chama leaves (MEAC) along with its n‐hexane (NHAC) and ethyl acetate (EAAC) fractions. The DPPH assay revealed strong antioxidant activity, with MEAC displaying an IC₅₀ of 24.30 ± 1.04 μg/mL, while NHAC and EAAC showed IC₅₀ values of 45.18 ± 2.4 μg/mL and 30.46 ± 1.15 μg/mL, respectively. In in vivo models, MEAC, NHAC, and EAAC exhibited significant anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus maze and hole‐board test at both doses (200 and 400 mg/kg). Notable sedative effects were observed in the open field test at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, but only in the hole cross test at the 400 mg/kg dose. Additionally, all three extracts demonstrated significant antidepressant activity in behavioral despair tests at all investigated doses. GC–MS analysis identified a total of 40 phytoconstituents, several of which exhibited notable binding affinities to key drug target proteins involved in oxidative stress, anxiety, sedation, and depression, as shown through molecular docking studies. Furthermore, ADMET predictions supported their drug‐likeness and favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. These findings suggest that A. chama leaves may serve as a promising source of bioactive compounds with neuropharmacological potential. However, further extensive studies are warranted.

Baccaurea motleyana (Rambai) is traditionally consumed in Southeast Asia and used ethnomedicinally, yet its toxicological profile remains unclear. This study evaluated the acute and subacute oral toxicity of its aqueous fruit extract (AE‐BMF) in Wistar rats. AE‐BMF was prepared from fresh pulp. Acute toxicity was assessed at 2000 mg/kg, while subacute toxicity was tested for 28 days at 400 mg/kg/day and 800 mg/kg/day. Physiological, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. No mortality or overt toxicity was observed in the acute study (LD ₅₀ > 2000 mg/kg). In the subacute study, AE‐BMF at 800 mg/kg reduced body weight gain, water intake, and food intake, and increased relative liver weight by 15.8% ( p < 0.05). Biochemical analysis showed reductions in creatinine (0.50 ± 0.03 mg/dL, p < 0.01), uric acid (9.1 ± 0.6 mg/dL, p < 0.01), total cholesterol (73.5 ± 3.1 mg/dL, p < 0.01), and triglycerides (39.8 ± 3.3 mg/dL, p < 0.001) at 800 mg/kg dose. ALT rose moderately at 800 mg/kg (108.4 ± 6.0 U/L, p < 0.05). Hematological changes included increased RBC (7.70 ± 0.28 × 10 ⁶ /mm ³ , p < 0.01), hemoglobin (14.4 ± 0.3 g/dL, p < 0.001), platelets (585 ± 18 × 10 ³ /mm ³ , p < 0.001), and lymphocytes (57.3% ± 1.9%, p < 0.01). Histology confirmed normal kidneys with only mild hepatic alterations at a dose of 800 mg/kg. AE‐BMF is safe at doses up to 800 mg/kg, demonstrating hypolipidemic, hematopoietic, and immunostimulatory effects. Mild hepatic changes at higher doses suggest the need for cautious use and longer‐term studies.