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Life cycle cost analysis represents a strategic tool for supporting the decision-making process while designing a new building or a renovation towards a nearly zero-energy target. Nevertheless, one of the main obstacles undermining the wide application of life cycle cost analysis deals with the effort in collecting the whole set of inputs and boundary conditions and the associated reliability of the results. To address the issue, this work compares the application of different sensitivity analysis methodologies on eleven nearly zero-energy buildings with different uses and in several European contexts, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, it introduces and assesses an approach for applying sensitivity analysis in life cycle cost evaluations to find an effective balance between the effort for calculation, data collection and the reliability of life cycle cost. A main result is the demonstration of a sensitivity analysis procedure to identify and evaluate parameters and boundary conditions with the largest impact on the life cycle cost of the analysed buildings, namely, the interest rate, construction and equipment maintenance costs, structural element costs, and electricity prices. These parameters lead to variations in LCC of up to 37%, with an average of 26% around the median. By focusing a more detailed analysis on these parameters, we could assess the potential life cycle cost range due to input uncertainties with a high degree of confidence while keeping efforts for practitioners reasonable.
Roberta Pernetti; Federico Garzia; Ulrich Filippi Oberegger. Sensitivity analysis as support for reliable life cycle cost evaluation applied to eleven nearly zero-energy buildings in Europe. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 74, 103139 .
AMA StyleRoberta Pernetti, Federico Garzia, Ulrich Filippi Oberegger. Sensitivity analysis as support for reliable life cycle cost evaluation applied to eleven nearly zero-energy buildings in Europe. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 74 ():103139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberta Pernetti; Federico Garzia; Ulrich Filippi Oberegger. 2021. "Sensitivity analysis as support for reliable life cycle cost evaluation applied to eleven nearly zero-energy buildings in Europe." Sustainable Cities and Society 74, no. : 103139.
Given the increasing penetration of variable renewable resources in energy networks, future buildings should become flexible, i.e., able to modify their energy demands in response to external forcing factors to pursue specific goals. Furthermore, strong interaction among interconnected prosumer buildings and energy systems will require flexible energy management strategies at cluster level. Accordingly, this study implements the IEA EBC Annex 67 approach and proposes a quantification methodology to assess the energy flexibility performance of building clusters. The availability of renewable energy sources and carbon intensity in the energy mix are selected as forcing factors and a rule-based control scheme is applied to the space heating set-point to exploit thermal storage in the building structure. Specific indicators are defined to quantify flexibility as (i) a reduction in energy demand not covered by renewables or (ii) a percentage decrease in carbon emissions enabled by smart control of the cluster, compared to a reference scenario. The methodology is applied to four cluster configurations characterized by different building thermal mass levels, modeled in Dymola dynamic simulation environment. Results show that smart operation for simulated clusters enables an improvement of renewable energy usage (up to a 13% saving of the residual annual heating demand), and up to an 18% reduction of energy-related carbon emissions. The suggested quantitative assessment and indicators represent valuable support for building designers to easily compare multiple technological solutions and design strategies in terms of energy flexibility.
Ilaria Vigna; Roberto Lollini; Roberta Pernetti. Assessing the energy flexibility of building clusters under different forcing factors. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 44, 102888 .
AMA StyleIlaria Vigna, Roberto Lollini, Roberta Pernetti. Assessing the energy flexibility of building clusters under different forcing factors. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 44 ():102888.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIlaria Vigna; Roberto Lollini; Roberta Pernetti. 2021. "Assessing the energy flexibility of building clusters under different forcing factors." Journal of Building Engineering 44, no. : 102888.
Renovation Wave aims to boost the uptake of deep renovation towards the CO2 emission targets for 2030. In this perspective, there is the need of technologies and solution sets for improving the deep renovation process as well as demonstrating the performances for supporting the stakeholders in the decision-making process. To cope with the issue, this work presents a methodology for setting up a repository of building deep renovation packages that integrates industrialised facade technologies and more traditional solutions. The performances feeding into the repository have been evaluated by means of transient detailed simulations on a set of reference buildings in representative European climate conditions. The renovation packages are evaluated in terms of key performance indicators dealing with five areas: energy, comfort, pollutant emissions, cost, and renovation time. The defined repository includes 289 assessed technology packages and associated performances across Europe, providing a comprehensive support to identify the most effective solutions according to the user needs. The paper presents the application of the repository with two examples of stakeholders’ decision-making paths for selecting the deep renovation packages according to different priorities and expected targets.
Roberta Pernetti; Riccardo Pinotti; Roberto Lollini. Repository of Deep Renovation Packages Based on Industrialized Solutions: Definition and Application. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6412 .
AMA StyleRoberta Pernetti, Riccardo Pinotti, Roberto Lollini. Repository of Deep Renovation Packages Based on Industrialized Solutions: Definition and Application. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberta Pernetti; Riccardo Pinotti; Roberto Lollini. 2021. "Repository of Deep Renovation Packages Based on Industrialized Solutions: Definition and Application." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6412.
The current energy system is dealing with an increasing share of renewable energy that, because of its intermittent availability, can affect the effectiveness of the energy supply. To cope with the problem, buildings need to become energy flexible. According to the definition given by IEA EBC Annex 67, energy flexibility is the ability of a building to manage its demand and generation according to local climate conditions, user needs and grid requirements. Users of energy-flexible buildings play a crucial role for an effective implementation, thus user acceptance and proper behaviour are important factors. In order to understand the current level of awareness on the topic and the general acceptance of the users, this paper presents the results of a large-scale survey distributed in the office buildings of the Province of Bolzano (Italy). This study investigates the information, experience, beliefs, and desires of the building users (i.e., office employees) with concepts and technologies dealing with energy flexibility, such as smart grids, smart appliances, and smart meters. This study identifies (i) the main socio-demographic characteristics associated to the information and desires about energy flexibility in office buildings, and (ii) the main conditions of social acceptance of flexible energy usages. Although this work is focused on a specific user type (i.e., office workers in the Province of Bolzano) and the results cannot be generalized, the analysis offers an interesting insight on the user perspectives and acceptance on energy flexibility and can be easily replicated. The results can be used at local level to provide insights for policies and strategies to encourage building users to be more flexible.
Ilaria Vigna; Jessica Balest; Wilmer Pasut; Roberta Pernetti. Office Occupants’ Perspective Dealing with Energy Flexibility: A Large-Scale Survey in the Province of Bolzano. Energies 2020, 13, 4312 .
AMA StyleIlaria Vigna, Jessica Balest, Wilmer Pasut, Roberta Pernetti. Office Occupants’ Perspective Dealing with Energy Flexibility: A Large-Scale Survey in the Province of Bolzano. Energies. 2020; 13 (17):4312.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIlaria Vigna; Jessica Balest; Wilmer Pasut; Roberta Pernetti. 2020. "Office Occupants’ Perspective Dealing with Energy Flexibility: A Large-Scale Survey in the Province of Bolzano." Energies 13, no. 17: 4312.
Innovative designs, such as those taking place in nearly zero-energy buildings, need to tackle Life Cycle Cost, because reducing the impact of use can carry other collateral and unexpected costs. For example, it is interesting to include the evaluation of end-of-life costs by introducing future activities of selective dismantling and waste management, to also improve the environmental performance of the demotion project. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop methods that relate the process of selective demolition to the waste quantification and the costs derived from its management. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of end-of-life parameters allows different construction types, waste treatment options, and waste management costs to be compared. The assessment of end-of-life costs in the present work is developed by a case-based reasoning. Cost data are obtained from three actual studies which are part of the H2020 CRAVEzero project (Cost Reduction and Market Acceleration for Viable Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings). Results show that end-of-life costs are similar to traditional building typologies. The most influential materials are part of the substructure and structure of the building, such as concrete and steel products.
Eduardo Vázquez-López; Federico Garzia; Roberta Pernetti; Jaime Solís-Guzmán; Madelyn Marrero. Assessment Model of End-of-Life Costs and Waste Quantification in Selective Demolitions: Case Studies of Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6255 .
AMA StyleEduardo Vázquez-López, Federico Garzia, Roberta Pernetti, Jaime Solís-Guzmán, Madelyn Marrero. Assessment Model of End-of-Life Costs and Waste Quantification in Selective Demolitions: Case Studies of Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6255.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduardo Vázquez-López; Federico Garzia; Roberta Pernetti; Jaime Solís-Guzmán; Madelyn Marrero. 2020. "Assessment Model of End-of-Life Costs and Waste Quantification in Selective Demolitions: Case Studies of Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6255.
The last release of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2018/844/EU stated that smart buildings will play a crucial role in the future energy systems. Consequently, the Directive introduced the Smart Readiness Indicator in order to provide a common framework to highlight the value of building smartness across Europe. The methodology for the calculation of the Smart Readiness Indicator is currently under development and therefore not yet officially adopted at the European Union level. In this context, the current research analyzed the second public release of the proposed methodology, discussing the feasibility of its implementation and the obtained results through a practical application. Specifically, the methodology was applied to a nearly zero-energy office building located in Italy, and the evaluation was carried out in parallel by two different expert groups composed by researchers and technical building systems specialists. With the aim of analyzing the impact of subjective evaluations on the calculated indicator, a two-step assessment was adopted: in a first phase the two groups worked separately, and only in a second phase they were allowed to compare results, discuss discrepancies and identify the difficulties in applying the methodology. As the main outcome of this research, a set of recommendations are presented for an effective broad implementation of the Smart Readiness Indicator, able to increase the relevance of its evaluation and effectiveness, as well as to enhance the comparability of smart readiness of buildings through the definition of benchmarks and to integrate with other measurable key indicators, especially concerning energy flexibility.
Ilaria Vigna; Roberta Pernetti; Giovanni Pernigotto; Andrea Gasparella. Analysis of the Building Smart Readiness Indicator Calculation: A Comparative Case-Study with Two Panels of Experts. Energies 2020, 13, 2796 .
AMA StyleIlaria Vigna, Roberta Pernetti, Giovanni Pernigotto, Andrea Gasparella. Analysis of the Building Smart Readiness Indicator Calculation: A Comparative Case-Study with Two Panels of Experts. Energies. 2020; 13 (11):2796.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIlaria Vigna; Roberta Pernetti; Giovanni Pernigotto; Andrea Gasparella. 2020. "Analysis of the Building Smart Readiness Indicator Calculation: A Comparative Case-Study with Two Panels of Experts." Energies 13, no. 11: 2796.
Policy makers need scientific support to set ambitious yet realistic environmental targets for the transition to energy efficient buildings and to develop cost-effective policies to meet these targets, but comprehensive, manageable procedures to this aim are still lacking. Our proposed method ranges from baseline creation to transition scenarios depending on annual retrofit budget and specifies the buildings to renovate according to location, size, and age, and the energy efficiency measures to apply based on cost and energy saving. We show how to extrapolate a baseline from few available data, determine retrofit costs, and create calibrated models to estimate energy savings. Retrofits are ranked by levelized cost of saved energy, which ensures that for any budget allocated to retrofit maximum energy savings are obtained at minimum cost to society. The results are summarized in an energy efficiency cost curve enabling policy makers to estimate potential costs and energy savings. We demonstrate the method on a housing stock in northern Italy and show that facade insulation of old buildings in colder climates can compete with gas heating. About 60% baseline energy consumption can be saved doubling current investments, while a maximum saving of 75% requires over three times the current investments.
Ulrich Filippi Oberegger; Roberta Pernetti; Roberto Lollini. Bottom-up building stock retrofit based on levelized cost of saved energy. Energy and Buildings 2020, 210, 109757 .
AMA StyleUlrich Filippi Oberegger, Roberta Pernetti, Roberto Lollini. Bottom-up building stock retrofit based on levelized cost of saved energy. Energy and Buildings. 2020; 210 ():109757.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUlrich Filippi Oberegger; Roberta Pernetti; Roberto Lollini. 2020. "Bottom-up building stock retrofit based on levelized cost of saved energy." Energy and Buildings 210, no. : 109757.
European energy policies call for an increased share of renewable energy sources and a more active role of the energy consumer. This is facilitated by, amongst others, buildings becoming energy flexible hubs, supporting smart energy grids with demand response strategies. While there is abundant technical research in this field, the related business and policy development is less well documented. This research scopes existing policy programmes and identifies opportunities and barriers to business development supporting energy flexible buildings. Using examples from seven European countries, this work reviews influencing niche management factors such as existing policy instruments, business development cases and identified stakeholder concerns, using literature research, narrative analysis and stakeholder research. National policy pathways show many differences but confirm that European buildings might become active players in the energy market, by providing energy storage, demand response and/or shifts in the use of energy sources. Slow sustained business development for energy flexibility services was mainly identified in the retail industry, and for energy service companies and aggregators. The direct involvement of end users in energy flexible buildings is still difficult. Stakeholders call for policy improvement, especially concerning the development of flexible energy tariffs, supporting incentives, awareness raising and more stakeholder-targeted business development.
Erwin Mlecnik; James Parker; Zheng Ma; Cristina Corchero; Armin Knotzer; Roberta Pernetti. Policy challenges for the development of energy flexibility services. Energy Policy 2019, 137, 111147 .
AMA StyleErwin Mlecnik, James Parker, Zheng Ma, Cristina Corchero, Armin Knotzer, Roberta Pernetti. Policy challenges for the development of energy flexibility services. Energy Policy. 2019; 137 ():111147.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErwin Mlecnik; James Parker; Zheng Ma; Cristina Corchero; Armin Knotzer; Roberta Pernetti. 2019. "Policy challenges for the development of energy flexibility services." Energy Policy 137, no. : 111147.
In this workshop, we discussed the exploitation experiences gathered in some relevant H2020 projects on deep renovation: TripleA-reno, ProGETonE, P2Endure, 4rinEU, STUNNING, and TURNkey Retrofit. Directives and practical insights that support the experimentation with exploitation strategies in EU-funded projects will be elaborated as outcome of the workshop.
Simona D’Oca; Annarita Ferrante; Peter Op ‘T Veld; Nicolas Peraudeau; Christoph Peters; Roberta Pernetti; Oana Schippers-Trifan; Regis Decorme. Exploitation of Business Models for Deep Renovation. Proceedings 2019, 20, 11 .
AMA StyleSimona D’Oca, Annarita Ferrante, Peter Op ‘T Veld, Nicolas Peraudeau, Christoph Peters, Roberta Pernetti, Oana Schippers-Trifan, Regis Decorme. Exploitation of Business Models for Deep Renovation. Proceedings. 2019; 20 (1):11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimona D’Oca; Annarita Ferrante; Peter Op ‘T Veld; Nicolas Peraudeau; Christoph Peters; Roberta Pernetti; Oana Schippers-Trifan; Regis Decorme. 2019. "Exploitation of Business Models for Deep Renovation." Proceedings 20, no. 1: 11.
With a low rate of new building construction and an insufficient rate of existing building renovation, there is the need to step up the pace of building renovation with ambitious performance targets to achieve European Union (EU) climate change policies for 2050. However, innovative technologies, including, but not limiting to, plug and play (PnP) prefabricated facades, information and communications technology (ICT)-support for building management systems (BMS), the integration of renewable energy systems (RES), building information model (BIM) and building performance simulation models (BPSM), advanced heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), advanced geomatics, 3D-printing, and smart connectors, cannot alone solve the problem of low renovation rates of existing buildings in Europe that is hindering reaching of EU-wide targets. A workshop was held at the Sustainable Place Conference 2018 to present, with an integrative approach, the experiences from four H2020 innovation actions, i.e., 4RinEU, P2ENDURE, Pro-GET-OnE, and MORE-CONNECT, which were united by their central aims of improving building energy performance through deep renovation practices. This article presents the outcomes of the joint workshop and interactive discussion, by focusing on technical, financial, and social added values, barriers and challenges, in the context of the building renovation processes tackled by the four projects. Conclusive remarks converge on the identification of open questions to address future innovation opportunities, as well as some recommendations to be used at a policy level and/or in future implementation projects.
Simona D’Oca; Annarita Ferrante; Clara Ferrer; Roberta Pernetti; Anna Gralka; Rizal Sebastian; Peter Op ‘T Veld. Technical, Financial, and Social Barriers and Challenges in Deep Building Renovation: Integration of Lessons Learned from the H2020 Cluster Projects. Buildings 2018, 8, 174 .
AMA StyleSimona D’Oca, Annarita Ferrante, Clara Ferrer, Roberta Pernetti, Anna Gralka, Rizal Sebastian, Peter Op ‘T Veld. Technical, Financial, and Social Barriers and Challenges in Deep Building Renovation: Integration of Lessons Learned from the H2020 Cluster Projects. Buildings. 2018; 8 (12):174.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimona D’Oca; Annarita Ferrante; Clara Ferrer; Roberta Pernetti; Anna Gralka; Rizal Sebastian; Peter Op ‘T Veld. 2018. "Technical, Financial, and Social Barriers and Challenges in Deep Building Renovation: Integration of Lessons Learned from the H2020 Cluster Projects." Buildings 8, no. 12: 174.
With a low rate of new building construction and insufficient rate of existing building renovation, there is the need for stepping up the pace of building renovation with ambitious performance targets to achieve EU climate change policies. However, effective technologies alone cannot solve the low renovation rate of existing buildings in Europe that is hindering the reaching of EU-wide targets. A workshop was held at the Sustainable Place Conference 2018 to present successful experiences with an integrative approach from H2020 innovation actions (4RinEU, P2ENDURE, Pro-GET-OnE, MORE-CONNECT) aiming at improving building energy performance through deep renovation. This article presents the outcomes of the joint workshop and interactive discussion, by focusing on the different technical, financial and social added values, barriers and challenges in building renovation as well as on the identification of open questions to address future innovation opportunities.
Simona D'oca; Anna Gralka; Annarita Ferrante; Clara Ferrer; Roberta Pernetti; Rizal Sebastian; Peter Op 't Veld. Technical, Financial, Social Barriers and Challenges in Deep Building Renovation: Integration of Lessons Learned from the H2020 Cluster Projects. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleSimona D'oca, Anna Gralka, Annarita Ferrante, Clara Ferrer, Roberta Pernetti, Rizal Sebastian, Peter Op 't Veld. Technical, Financial, Social Barriers and Challenges in Deep Building Renovation: Integration of Lessons Learned from the H2020 Cluster Projects. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimona D'oca; Anna Gralka; Annarita Ferrante; Clara Ferrer; Roberta Pernetti; Rizal Sebastian; Peter Op 't Veld. 2018. "Technical, Financial, Social Barriers and Challenges in Deep Building Renovation: Integration of Lessons Learned from the H2020 Cluster Projects." , no. : 1.
Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs) represent the backbone to achieve ambitious European goals in terms of energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction. As defined in the EPBD, by 31 December 2020, all of the new buildings will have to reach a target of nearly zero energy. This target encourages the adoption of innovative business models as well as the technology development in the building sector, aimed at reducing energy demand and exploiting local renewable energy sources (RES). Assessing the share of implementation and the performance of technologies in new or renovated nZEBs is strategic to identify the market trends and to define design guidelines with the most effective solutions according to the context. In this regard, this paper analyses the construction features of a set of nZEBs, collected in 17 European countries within the EU IEE ZEBRA2020 project, with a special focus on the influence of the boundary conditions on the technologies adopted. The results show a general high insulation level of the envelope and recurrent specific technologies in the Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) system (i.e., heat pumps and mechanical ventilation), while the climatic conditions do not drive significantly the design approach and the nZEB features.
Giulia Paoletti; Ramon Pascual Pascuas; Roberta Pernetti; Roberto Lollini. Nearly Zero Energy Buildings: An Overview of the Main Construction Features across Europe. Buildings 2017, 7, 43 .
AMA StyleGiulia Paoletti, Ramon Pascual Pascuas, Roberta Pernetti, Roberto Lollini. Nearly Zero Energy Buildings: An Overview of the Main Construction Features across Europe. Buildings. 2017; 7 (4):43.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulia Paoletti; Ramon Pascual Pascuas; Roberta Pernetti; Roberto Lollini. 2017. "Nearly Zero Energy Buildings: An Overview of the Main Construction Features across Europe." Buildings 7, no. 4: 43.
Only 1.2% of the EU building stock is renovated every year, and the rate is even lower in case of deep renovation (i.e., savings exceed 60% compared to pre-renovation levels), since such interventions are often too expensive. To answer these challenges, 4RinEU will define robust, cost-effective, tailorable deep renovation technology packages supported by usable methodologies, feeding into reliable business models. The project will manage different stages of the deep renovation process, from the preliminary audit up to the component end-of-life, and will provide information on energy, comfort, users’ impact, and investment performance. The 4RinEU deep renovation strategy is based on 3 pillars: (i) technologies, to decrease net primary energy use (60 to 70% compared to pre-renovation), ant to reduce the life cycle costs over 30 years (15% compared to a typical renovation); (ii) methodologies to support the design and implementation of the technologies; (iii) business models to enhance the level of confidence of deep renovation investors.
Federico Noris; Roberta Pernetti; Zia Lennard; Gianluca Signore; Roberto Lollini. 4RinEU: Robust and Reliable Technology Concepts and Business Models for Triggering Deep Renovation of Residential Buildings in EU. Proceedings 2017, 1, 661 .
AMA StyleFederico Noris, Roberta Pernetti, Zia Lennard, Gianluca Signore, Roberto Lollini. 4RinEU: Robust and Reliable Technology Concepts and Business Models for Triggering Deep Renovation of Residential Buildings in EU. Proceedings. 2017; 1 (7):661.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Noris; Roberta Pernetti; Zia Lennard; Gianluca Signore; Roberto Lollini. 2017. "4RinEU: Robust and Reliable Technology Concepts and Business Models for Triggering Deep Renovation of Residential Buildings in EU." Proceedings 1, no. 7: 661.
The importance of model calibration has been growing up as a result of the energy refurbishment policy promoted by the recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD 2010/31/EU). In fact, with the purpose of ensuring a suitable refurbishment design with effective energy conservation measures (ECM), an accurate model has to be defined in order to assess the energy behaviour of the as-built building. In this chapter, some issues related to the model calibration are presented, starting from the definition of an operative procedure step by step. Furthermore, for the most critical phases of the procedure, analysis techniques and experimental methods are described both through theory and practical examples. Finally, throughout the chapter, the analysis of a case study is presented.
Roberta Pernetti; Alessandro Prada; Paolo Baggio. The Calibration Process of Building Energy Models. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2014, 215 -252.
AMA StyleRoberta Pernetti, Alessandro Prada, Paolo Baggio. The Calibration Process of Building Energy Models. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2014; ():215-252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberta Pernetti; Alessandro Prada; Paolo Baggio. 2014. "The Calibration Process of Building Energy Models." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 215-252.
Regarding energy performance assessment of existing building, the European Standards EN ISO 13790 and EN 15316, adopted at national level in Italy by Technical Standards UNI/TS 11300 (part 1 and 2), allow different approaches and simplification levels for defining some representative input parameters determining uncertainties in the results. Therefore, the reliability of calculated energy performance could be affected. The analysis has been supported applying a set of refurbishment actions on some representative cases of common national residential building stock, comparing the energy performance obtained with different calculation methods allowed by National Technical Standards and laws. The results show how these differences can lead to uncertainties about the class definition.
R. Pernetti; L. Magnani; Anna Magrini. Energy Performance of Buildings: A Comparison of Standard Assessment Methods. Nearly Zero Energy Building Refurbishment 2013, 177 -205.
AMA StyleR. Pernetti, L. Magnani, Anna Magrini. Energy Performance of Buildings: A Comparison of Standard Assessment Methods. Nearly Zero Energy Building Refurbishment. 2013; ():177-205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Pernetti; L. Magnani; Anna Magrini. 2013. "Energy Performance of Buildings: A Comparison of Standard Assessment Methods." Nearly Zero Energy Building Refurbishment , no. : 177-205.
The diffusion of the energy certification in Italy is gradually making the users aware of the buildings’ energy performance, at least in some regions. For the existing buildings, the challenge is not only the energy performance calculation, but the analysis of the refurbishment strategies to obtain low energy buildings towards the A class. Basing on European Standards EN ISO 13790 and EN 15316, the Technical Standards UNI/TS 11300 (part 1 and 2) represent the procedures defined at national level. They allow different approaches and levels of simplification in the calculation of various representative energy parameters that could bring to variations in the results. The first aim of the work is the analysis of the most suitable solutions for existing buildings and the real possibilities to move towards the A-class requirements. Another considered aspect is the application of different calculation methods to reach this target, showing how different choices in terms of input data and methodologies (allowed by the Technical Standards) can bring to different values of the energy performance indices. This could represent a problem for the reproducibility of the calculations and their reliability in the definition of the class level reachable through refurbishment. The research has been supported by the analysis of some representative cases of common national residential building stock, comparing the energy performance obtained with different calculation methods allowed by National Technical Standards and laws. The results show some differences which can lead to ambiguities about the class definition and the most suitable methodology to adopt. Some considerations to obtain reliable values of energy performance addressing the refurbishment towards the A class are presented.
Anna Magrini; Lorenza Magnani; Roberta Pernetti. The effort to bring existing buildings towards the A class: A discussion on the application of calculation methodologies. Applied Energy 2012, 97, 438 -450.
AMA StyleAnna Magrini, Lorenza Magnani, Roberta Pernetti. The effort to bring existing buildings towards the A class: A discussion on the application of calculation methodologies. Applied Energy. 2012; 97 ():438-450.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Magrini; Lorenza Magnani; Roberta Pernetti. 2012. "The effort to bring existing buildings towards the A class: A discussion on the application of calculation methodologies." Applied Energy 97, no. : 438-450.