Dietary patterns spanning millennia could inform contemporary public health nutrition. Children are largely absent from evidence describing diets throughout human evolution, despite prevalent malnutrition today signaling a potential genome-environment divergence. This systematic review aimed to identify dietary patterns of children ages 6 months to 10 years consumed before the widespread adoption of agriculture. Metrics of mention frequency (counts of food types reported) and food groups (globally standardized categories) were applied to: compare diets across subsistence modes [gatherer–hunter–fisher (GHF), early agriculture (EA) groups]; examine diet quality and diversity; and characterize differences by life course phase and environmental context defined using Köppen–Geiger climate zones. The review yielded child diet information from 95 cultural groups (52 from GHF; 43 from EA/mixed subsistence groups). Animal foods (terrestrial and aquatic) were the most frequently mentioned food groups in dietary patterns across subsistence modes, though at higher frequencies in GHF than in EA. A broad range of fruits, vegetables, roots and tubers were more common in GHF, while children from EA groups consumed more cereals than GHF, associated with poor health consequences as reported in some studies. Forty-eight studies compared diets across life course phases: 28 showed differences and 20 demonstrated similarities in child versus adult diets. Climate zone was a driver of food patterns provisioned from local ecosystems. Evidence from Homo sapiens evolution points to the need for nutrient-dense foods with high quality proteins and greater variety within and across food groups. Public health solutions could integrate these findings into food-based dietary guidelines for children. Drawing insights from child dietary patterns of our evolutionary past might better inform public health nutrition today. This systematic review revealed higher intakes of animal source foods (ASF), fruits, roots/tubers, nuts and overall dietary diversity among gather–hunter–fisher compared to early agriculture groups. To prevent child malnutrition, dietary guidelines might incorporate these findings.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the types and frequency of acute medical events at a university with a collegiate-based emergency medical services (CBEMS) agency. Participants: Patients who requested assistance from the studied CBEMS agency, which provides emergency medical services coverage at a medium-sized urban university. Methods: This retrospective chart review examined requests for emergency service from August 2010-July 2017. Data abstracted include the type of medical event, frequency, call times/dates, and locations of reported medical events. Results: The studied agency received an average 889.4 (SD +/−68.6 calls) per year with the most common falling under the categories of “Substance Abuse” (231.7 calls/year, SD +/−15.7) and “Minor Trauma” (207.1 calls/year, SD+/−37.8). Most requests for acute medical attention occurred between the hours of 1800–0600 on Fridays and Saturdays. Implications/Conclusions: These results suggest that universities can potentially predict patterns and prepare for the types of acute medical issues that occur on campus.

Background The University of Florida (UF) Equal Access Clinic Network (EACN) is the largest student-run free healthcare clinic network in Florida. The UF EACN serves those who are underinsured or uninsured in Alachua County and its surrounding area. Nationally, average total clinic time per medical visit has been established to be 84 min. Problem Before this project, average patient cycle time at the UF EACN was 125.3 min, and there was no established quality improvement (QI) team to implement changes to address inefficiencies. Methods This was a prospective QI study that recorded patient cycle times for patients who received healthcare at any of the four primary care free clinics across the UF EACN from 5 July 2022 to 6 April 2023. Interventions Eighteen Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles were tailored to each of the four primary care clinic’s needs with a focus on reducing patient cycle time by addressing the following identified problems: prolonged intake process, translation services, limited numbers of volunteers, and other inefficiencies and bottlenecks in workflow. Results The median patient cycle time at the EACN shifted from 125.3 min to 112.7 min over a nine month period. This drop of 12.6 min meant patients saw a 10.1% reduction in patient cycle time across the EACN. Conclusion Underserved patients at EACN are experiencing increased value by having shorter patient cycle times.

Background: Though tobacco use treatment (TUT) after a cancer diagnosis can improve cancer treatment outcomes and survival, delivery of evidence‐based TUT remains underutilized in cancer care. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) implemented TUT across 52 NCI‐Designated Cancer Centers, but there is little information on its long‐term sustainment. This study assesses TUT sustainment beyond initial implementation in C3I. Methods: A web‐based survey across 52 C3I centers was conducted during the sustainment phase (2023–2024) following NCI C3I funding. The surveys assessed program funding and the sustainment of the overall program, program components and practices, assessment of implementation and patient outcomes, partnerships, and program scale‐out across settings. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Among 47 responding sites (90% response rate), 83% reported continued TUT activity after NCI funding ended with annual operating budgets between $100,000 and $250,000. Most sites (78.7%) reported some institutional support, while few relied on fee‐for‐service reimbursement (27.7%), bundled payments (8.1%), or support from grants (27.7%) and philanthropic donations (21.3%). Key program components including electronic health record modifications, outcomes reporting, and staff training were largely maintained, with nearly all (46) sites continuing to screen for tobacco use and refer patients to TUT. Perceived program partnerships were strongest with clinicians and departmental leadership, and some programs were scaled out to primary care and other specialties. Conclusions: Results confirm that most cancer centers sustained key TUT program functions and partnerships with some increasing TUT delivery across larger cancer treatment settings.