The translation of unparalleled efficiency from the lab-scale devices to practical-scale flexible modules affords a huge performance loss for flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The degradation is attributed to the brittleness and discrepancy of perovskite crystal growth upon different substrates. Inspired by robust crystallization and flexible structure of vertebrae, herein, we employ a conductive and glued polymer between indium tin oxide and perovskite layers, which simultaneously facilitates oriented crystallization of perovskite and sticks the devices. With the results of experimental characterizations and theoretical simulations, this bionic interface layer accurately controls the crystallization and acts as an adhesive. The flexible PSCs achieve the power conversion efficiencies of 19.87% and 17.55% at effective areas of 1.01 cm² and 31.20 cm² respectively, retaining over 85% of original efficiency after 7000 narrow bending cycles with negligible angular dependence. Finally, the modules are assembled into a wearable solar-power source, enabling the upscaling of flexible electronics.

Here, a donor-acceptor integrated polymer, PQIC, featuring a rigid π-conjugated framework, is reported, in which a Y-type small-molecule acceptor is covalently fused into a polymer donor backbone. PQIC exhibits balanced bipolar charge transport, reduced defect density, and high electroluminescence efficiency. When incorporated as a third component, it facilitates charge percolation, concurrently weakens electron-phonon coupling and lowers defect-state density, thereby alleviating recombination losses. As a result, PQIC-based ternary organic solar cells achieve a power conversion efficiency of 20.81% (third-party certified at 20.60%). In addition to high efficiency, the devices exhibit excellent stability, thick-film tolerance, and scalability, retaining ~85% of their initial efficiency after 2000 hours of maximum power point tracking, delivering 19.11% with a 300-nanometer-thick active layer, and reaching 19.78% for 1–square centimeter devices. These results highlight the potential of PQIC-based ternary systems for advancing organic solar cells.

This review highlights recent advances in interface engineering for narrow-bandgap perovskite photodetectors, offering strategies to enhance response speed, stability, and spectral selectivity for low-cost, high-sensitivity near-infrared detection.

Geant4 (version 11.3.2) simulations were used to study particle-dependent radiation interaction in MAPbI₃ under electron, photon, and neutron irradiation. The analysis focused on spatial distributions of interaction events, released energy, secondary-particle generation, and process-specific contributions. A 1 mm single-layer MAPbI₃ target was used to identify the intrinsic material response, while multilayer MAPbI₃ containing detector geometries were considered to assess device-like effects. Electrons produced extended charged particle tracks governed by direct energy loss and secondary-electron cascades. Photons showed weak direct energy deposition, with the response mainly controlled by secondary electrons generated in discrete electromagnetic interactions. Neutrons produced sparse but locally intense energy-release patterns dominated by recoil particles and nuclear-reaction products. The results show that total released energy alone is insufficient to describe radiation response in MAPbI₃; spatial morphology and the balance between primary and secondary contributions are essential for interpreting both detector operation and possible radiation-induced degradation.