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Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach that can be used for the remediation of metals in polluted soil. This study used a hedge plant–calico (Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson) to determine the role of citric acid in lead (Pb) phytoremediation by exposing it to different concentrations of Pb (0, 200, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) as well as in a combination with citric acid concentration (0, 250, 500 µM). The analysis of variance was applied on results for significant effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables using SPSS (ver10). According to the results, maximum Pb concentration was measured in the upper parts of the plant. An increase in dry weight biomass, plant growth parameters, and photosynthetic contents was observed with the increase of Pb application (200 mg kg−1) in soil while a reduced growth was experienced at higher Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). The antioxidant enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced under lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas the reduction occurred at greater metal concentration Pb (1000 mg kg−1). There was a usual reduction in electrolyte leakage (EL) at lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas EL increased at maximum Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). We concluded that this hedge plant, A. Bettzickiana, has the greater ability to remediate polluted soils aided with citric acid application.
Urooj Kanwal; Muhammad Ibrahim; Farhat Abbas; Muhammad Yamin; Fariha Jabeen; Anam Shahzadi; Aitazaz Farooque; Muhammad Imtiaz; Allah Ditta; Shafaqat Ali. Phytoextraction of Lead Using a Hedge Plant [Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson]: Physiological and Biochemical Alterations through Bioresource Management. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5074 .
AMA StyleUrooj Kanwal, Muhammad Ibrahim, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Yamin, Fariha Jabeen, Anam Shahzadi, Aitazaz Farooque, Muhammad Imtiaz, Allah Ditta, Shafaqat Ali. Phytoextraction of Lead Using a Hedge Plant [Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson]: Physiological and Biochemical Alterations through Bioresource Management. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5074.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUrooj Kanwal; Muhammad Ibrahim; Farhat Abbas; Muhammad Yamin; Fariha Jabeen; Anam Shahzadi; Aitazaz Farooque; Muhammad Imtiaz; Allah Ditta; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Phytoextraction of Lead Using a Hedge Plant [Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson]: Physiological and Biochemical Alterations through Bioresource Management." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5074.
Heat stress provokes thermal discomfort to people living in semiarid and arid climates. This study evaluates thermal discomfort levels, building design concepts, and some heat mitigation strategies in low-income neighborhoods of Faisalabad, Pakistan. The outdoor and indoor weather data are collected from April to August 2016 using a weather station installed ad hoc in urban settings, and the 52 houses of the five low-income participating communities living in congested and less environment-friendly areas of Faisalabad. The discomfort index values, related to the building design concepts, including (i) house orientation to sunlight and (ii) house ventilation, are calculated from outdoor and indoor dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures. Our results show that although June was the hottest month of summer 2016, based on the monthly mean temperature of the Faisalabad region, the month of May produced the highest discomfort levels, which were higher in houses exposed to sunlight and without ventilation. The study also identifies some popular heat mitigation strategies adopted by the five participating low-income communities during various heat-related health complaints. The strategies are gender-biased and have medical, cultural/customary backgrounds. For example, about 52% of the males and 28% of the females drank more water during dehydration, diarrhea, and eye infection. Over 11% and 19% of the males and females, respectively, moved to cooler places during fever. About 43% of the males and 51% of the females took water showers and rested to combat flu (runny nose), headache, and nosebleed. The people did not know how to cure muscular fatigue, skin allergy (from a type of Milia), and mild temperature. Planting trees in an area and developing open parks with greenery and thick canopy trees can be beneficial for neighborhoods resembling those evaluated in this study.
Sana Ehsan; Farhat Abbas; Muhammad Ibrahim; Bashir Ahmad; Aitazaz Farooque. Thermal Discomfort Levels, Building Design Concepts, and Some Heat Mitigation Strategies in Low-Income Communities of a South Asian City. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2535 .
AMA StyleSana Ehsan, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Ibrahim, Bashir Ahmad, Aitazaz Farooque. Thermal Discomfort Levels, Building Design Concepts, and Some Heat Mitigation Strategies in Low-Income Communities of a South Asian City. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2535.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSana Ehsan; Farhat Abbas; Muhammad Ibrahim; Bashir Ahmad; Aitazaz Farooque. 2021. "Thermal Discomfort Levels, Building Design Concepts, and Some Heat Mitigation Strategies in Low-Income Communities of a South Asian City." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2535.
Growing Brassica rapa L. (Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (Linn.) Clapham) with wastewater and their use as a fodder for animals is a common practice in suburb of all cities in Punjab, Pakistan, despite the wastewater containing heavy metals is of public health concern. This study assessed the risk of heavy metals on animal health via consumption of B. rapa as fodder grown with wastewater, tube-well and canal water, and its source apportionment, in suburb of Multan City, Pakistan. Samples of B. rapa (n = 30) were collected from six agricultural farms and analyzed for cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Total target health quotient (TTHQ) values ranged 47.22 to 136.64 in wastewater irrigation farm, 2.32 to 3.71 in canal water, and 4.86 to 7.50 in tube-well water irrigation farms, respectively exhibiting high carcinogenic health risk to animals across the farms. B. rapa grown with industrial effluents exhibited the highest carcinogenic health risk, while the canal water posed the lowest risk. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that the wastewater samples containing heavy metals and contaminated soils were common sources of B. rapa contamination. Proper treatment of wastewater for removal of toxic elements before application in agricultural fields may safeguard the health of animals, public, and the ecosystem.
Zafar Iqbal; Farhat Abbas; Muhammad Ibrahim; Tahir Imran Qureshi; Matin Gul; Abid Mahmood. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Brassica plants and their impact on animal health in Punjab, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 22768 -22778.
AMA StyleZafar Iqbal, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Ibrahim, Tahir Imran Qureshi, Matin Gul, Abid Mahmood. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Brassica plants and their impact on animal health in Punjab, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (18):22768-22778.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZafar Iqbal; Farhat Abbas; Muhammad Ibrahim; Tahir Imran Qureshi; Matin Gul; Abid Mahmood. 2021. "Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Brassica plants and their impact on animal health in Punjab, Pakistan." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 18: 22768-22778.
Wastewater irrigation to grow fodder for animals and cattle farming is common practice in Pakistan. Hence, this study was conducted in Multan, Pakistan, to assess heavy metal pollution, human health risk and the total target health quotient (TTHQ) of heavy metals in raw milk of buffalo feeding at different agricultural farms and to identify sources of toxicity in milk. Samples of raw milk (n = 60) were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb by ICP-OES, Perkin Elmer, USA. The TTHQ values of heavy metals ranged from 6.92 to 42.44 in raw milk of buffalo, highest at wastewater-irrigated agricultural farms and lowest at tube well water site, indicating high carcinogenic health risk to exposed population. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that contaminated fodder like Maize and Brassica plants grown with wastewater and contaminated soil are common sources contributing the heavy metal contamination in raw milk. It invites attention of government to remediate the situation to avoid the potential risks to public health from resulting food chain contamination.
Zafar Iqbal; Farhat Abbas; Muhammad Ibrahim; Tahir Imran Qureshi; Matin Gul; Abid Mahmood. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in raw milk of buffalo feeding at wastewater-irrigated agricultural farms in Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 29567 -29579.
AMA StyleZafar Iqbal, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Ibrahim, Tahir Imran Qureshi, Matin Gul, Abid Mahmood. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in raw milk of buffalo feeding at wastewater-irrigated agricultural farms in Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (23):29567-29579.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZafar Iqbal; Farhat Abbas; Muhammad Ibrahim; Tahir Imran Qureshi; Matin Gul; Abid Mahmood. 2020. "Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in raw milk of buffalo feeding at wastewater-irrigated agricultural farms in Pakistan." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 23: 29567-29579.
Lead (Pb)-polluted soils pose a serious threat to human health, particularly by transmitting this heavy metal to the food chain via the crops grown on them. The application of novel amendments in Pb-polluted soils can significantly reduce this problem. In this research, we report the effects of various organic and inorganic amendments i.e., bentonite (BN), biochar (BR), lignin (LN), magnesium potassium phosphate cement (CM) and iron hydroxyl phosphate (FeHP), on the Pb bioavailability in Pb-polluted soil, upon Pb distribution in shoots, roots, grain, the translocation factor (TF) and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Pb in pea (Pisum sativum L.) grain. Furthermore, effects of the said amendments on the plant parameters, as well as grain biochemistry and nutritional quality, were also assessed. Lead pollution significantly elevated Pb concentrations in roots, shoots and grain, as well as the grain TF and BCF of Pb, while reducing the nutritional quality and biochemistry of grain, plant height, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll contents (chl a and chl b) and the dry weight (DW) of shoot, root and grain. The lowest Pb distribution in shoots, roots and grain were found with BN, FeHP and CM, compared to our control. Likewise, the BN, FeHP and CM significantly lowered the TF and BCF values of Pb in the order FeHP > CM > BN. Similarly, the highest increase in plant height, shoot, root and grain DW, RWC, chl a and chl b contents, grain biochemistry and the micronutrient concentrations, were recorded with BR amendment. Biochar also reduced grain polyphenols as well as plant oxidative stress. Given that the BR and BN amendments gave the best results, we propose to explore their potential synergistic effect to reduce Pb toxicity by using them together in future research.
Muhammad Zulqurnain Haider; Sabir Hussain; Pia Muhammad Adnan Ramzani; Mutahar Iqbal; Muhammad Iqbal; Tanvir Shahzad; Maryam Fatima; Shahbaz Ali Khan; Imran` Khan; Muhammad Shahid; Muhammad Ibrahim; Hafiz Syed Tanzeem Ull Haq; Faisal Mahmood. Bentonite and Biochar Mitigate Pb Toxicity in Pisum sativum by Reducing Plant Oxidative Stress and Pb Translocation. Plants 2019, 8, 571 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Zulqurnain Haider, Sabir Hussain, Pia Muhammad Adnan Ramzani, Mutahar Iqbal, Muhammad Iqbal, Tanvir Shahzad, Maryam Fatima, Shahbaz Ali Khan, Imran` Khan, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Ibrahim, Hafiz Syed Tanzeem Ull Haq, Faisal Mahmood. Bentonite and Biochar Mitigate Pb Toxicity in Pisum sativum by Reducing Plant Oxidative Stress and Pb Translocation. Plants. 2019; 8 (12):571.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Zulqurnain Haider; Sabir Hussain; Pia Muhammad Adnan Ramzani; Mutahar Iqbal; Muhammad Iqbal; Tanvir Shahzad; Maryam Fatima; Shahbaz Ali Khan; Imran` Khan; Muhammad Shahid; Muhammad Ibrahim; Hafiz Syed Tanzeem Ull Haq; Faisal Mahmood. 2019. "Bentonite and Biochar Mitigate Pb Toxicity in Pisum sativum by Reducing Plant Oxidative Stress and Pb Translocation." Plants 8, no. 12: 571.
Viola betonicifolia (Violaceae) is commonly recognized as "Banafsha" and widely distributed throughout the globe. This plant is of great interest because of its traditional, pharmacological uses. This review mainly emphases on morphology, nutritional composition, and several therapeutic uses, along with pharmacological properties of different parts of this multipurpose plant. Different vegetative parts of this plant (roots, leaves, petioles, and flowers) contained a good profile of essential micro- and macronutrients and are rich source of fat, protein, carbohydrates, and vitamin C. The plant is well known for its pharmacological properties, e.g., antioxidant, antihelminthic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and has been reported in the treatment of various neurological diseases. This plant is of high economic value. The plant has potential role in cosmetic industry. This review suggests that V. betonicifolia is a promising source of pharmaceutical agents. This plant is also of significance as ornamental plant, however further studies needed to explore its phytoconstituents and their pharmacological potential. Furthermore, clinical studies are needed to use this plant for benefits of human beings.
Komal Rizwan; Shakeel Ahmad Khan; Ikram Ahmad; Nasir Rasool; Muhammad Ibrahim; Muhammad Zubair; Hawa Ze Jaafar; Rosana Manea. A Comprehensive Review on Chemical and Pharmacological Potential of Viola betonicifolia: A Plant with Multiple Benefits. Molecules 2019, 24, 3138 .
AMA StyleKomal Rizwan, Shakeel Ahmad Khan, Ikram Ahmad, Nasir Rasool, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Zubair, Hawa Ze Jaafar, Rosana Manea. A Comprehensive Review on Chemical and Pharmacological Potential of Viola betonicifolia: A Plant with Multiple Benefits. Molecules. 2019; 24 (17):3138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKomal Rizwan; Shakeel Ahmad Khan; Ikram Ahmad; Nasir Rasool; Muhammad Ibrahim; Muhammad Zubair; Hawa Ze Jaafar; Rosana Manea. 2019. "A Comprehensive Review on Chemical and Pharmacological Potential of Viola betonicifolia: A Plant with Multiple Benefits." Molecules 24, no. 17: 3138.
This manuscript reports comparative study for the removal of health risk organic dye reactive blue 21 from aqueous solution using sorption and solubilization. Activated carbon was used as sorbent to remove dye. The bath sorption experiments were carried out at different pH, sorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration, and agitation speed. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models was examined. The influence of cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on spectral properties of selected dye in aqueous solutions was investigated by means of UV–Visible spectroscopy in sub-micellar and micellar concentration range. Absorption spectra of this dye in the presence of surfactants may confirm which type of interaction is possible between molecules of dye and surfactants. It is expected that initially molecules of dye may attach with monomeric molecules of surfactant in premicellar region while in post-micellar region they are accommodated within micelle. The values of micelle–water partition coefficient, Kx, free energy of partition, ΔGx, of RB21 between bulk water and micelles, drug-surfactant binding constant, Kb, and free energy of binding, ΔGb, were calculated from differential spectroscopic data.
Hina Shakoor; Muhammad Ibrahim; Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Adrees; Muhammad Aamer Mehmood; Farhat Abbas; Nasir Rasool; Umer Rashid. Removal of Reactive Blue 21 from Aqueous Solution by Sorption and Solubilization in Micellar Media. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 2014, 37, 144 -154.
AMA StyleHina Shakoor, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Adrees, Muhammad Aamer Mehmood, Farhat Abbas, Nasir Rasool, Umer Rashid. Removal of Reactive Blue 21 from Aqueous Solution by Sorption and Solubilization in Micellar Media. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 2014; 37 (2):144-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHina Shakoor; Muhammad Ibrahim; Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Adrees; Muhammad Aamer Mehmood; Farhat Abbas; Nasir Rasool; Umer Rashid. 2014. "Removal of Reactive Blue 21 from Aqueous Solution by Sorption and Solubilization in Micellar Media." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 37, no. 2: 144-154.
Investigation was performed to assess the effect of different sewage water treatments on the metal status of different fodder species consumed by ruminants under semi-arid conditions. Five samples each of six fodder species viz., Trifolium alexandrinum, Cichorium intybus, Avena sativa, Medicago polymorpha, Brassica campestris and Medicago sativa were collected from three fields irrigated with canal water, mix water (canal water and sewage water) and sewage water, respectively. Fodder samples were analyzed to determine the Mg, Co and Zn concentrations in shoots. Higher values of these metals were found in fodder species irrigated with sewage water relatively. Mg and Zn concentrations in all the fodder species were found to be below the critical level among all treatments. Whereas, concentrations of Co in the different fodder species were significantly different (p < 0.05) and above the critical level. Consequently, ruminants feeding on these fodder species need continued mineral supplementation of Zn and Mg elements to prevent diseases caused by the deficiency of these elements, and to support optimum animal productivity.
Kafeel Ahmad; Muhammad Ibrahim; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Yasir Rizwan; Abid Ejaz; Asia Fardsous; Sumaira Gondal; Dong Jin Lee; Mohammed Al-Yemeni. Effect of sewage water on mineral nutritive potential of six fodder species grown under semiarid conditions. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2011, 18, 317 -321.
AMA StyleKafeel Ahmad, Muhammad Ibrahim, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Yasir Rizwan, Abid Ejaz, Asia Fardsous, Sumaira Gondal, Dong Jin Lee, Mohammed Al-Yemeni. Effect of sewage water on mineral nutritive potential of six fodder species grown under semiarid conditions. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2011; 18 (4):317-321.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKafeel Ahmad; Muhammad Ibrahim; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Yasir Rizwan; Abid Ejaz; Asia Fardsous; Sumaira Gondal; Dong Jin Lee; Mohammed Al-Yemeni. 2011. "Effect of sewage water on mineral nutritive potential of six fodder species grown under semiarid conditions." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 18, no. 4: 317-321.