The increased lead (Pb) pollution in the biosphere has resulted in serious environmental problems, so it is essential to evaluate phytoremediation strategies for contaminated soils. This study evaluated the growth and Pd absorption capacity of Pakinsonia aculeata, inoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus intraradices) over 18 weeks under greenhouse conditions. Treatments included inoculated and non-inoculated plants combined with six Pb concentrations (0, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 mg·L⁻¹) in the form of Pb(NO₃)₂. Results showed that mycorrhizal colonization in inoculated plants ranged from 5.0 to 6.7% and favored plant growth. Pb levels and AMF-inoculation had no effects on chlorophyll fluorescence values. AMF-plants absorbed significantly more Pb in roots (237.97 mg·kg⁻¹) than control plants (202.85 mg·kg⁻¹), as well as high translocation to shoots (27.02 mg·kg⁻¹) under the high Pb dose. The increase in Pb concentration reduced the P concentration in roots, and the P and N concentrations in shoots; however, the absorption and translocation of Ca and Mg was increased in shoots. Inoculation of R. intraradices improved both growth and Pb uptake of P. aculeata, under greenhouse conditions suggesting that this tree species may be potentially studied for detoxifying Pb-polluted soils.

This research addressed the lack of standardization in the nutritional interpretation of pecan nut kernels. The objective was to evaluate the effect of kernel defatting on nutrient concentration, generate correction factors for each element, and establish nutritional standards through the Integrated Differential Diagnosis (IDD). For this purpose, 222 kernel samples of the Western Schley variety were analyzed, collected at the “El Eden” orchard from 2023 to 2025 in Aldama, Chihuahua, Mexico. In these samples, the concentration of macro and micronutrients was determined on a defatted basis and compared with their non-defatted equivalent using a comparison of sample means by paired observations. From this, correction factors were calculated, and subsequently, nutritional standards were generated, which were validated internally and externally in an orchard with similar conditions. The results revealed that defatting significantly increased the concentrations of N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn, while Ca and Na showed a significant decrease, and Cu showed no changes in its concentration. The correction factors allowed the transformation of concentrations from the defatted basis to the non-defatted basis, facilitating comparison with previously reported literature. The validation of the standards indicated that they were useful for detecting nutritional imbalances consistent with soil characteristics, highlighting deficiencies of P, Mn, and Cu, as well as an excess of Na.

Las elevadas concentraciones de plomo (Pb) en el suelo limitan el establecimiento de las plantas, por lo que es importante identificar especies tolerantes. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en determinar el efecto de PbCl2 y Pb(NO3)2 en la germinación y crecimiento temprano de Parkinsonia aculeata. En laboratorio se imbibieron las semillas en soluciones de PbCl2 y Pb(NO3)2 a concentraciones de 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 y 2.0 mM. Las semillas se pesaron al inicio y al final (48 h); posteriormente, se incubaron y regaron con sus respectivas soluciones (7 días). En invernadero, las semillas se sembraron en arena y se regaron (15 días) para determinar el porcentaje de germinación (laboratorio) y emergencia (invernadero); las variables consideradas fueron: longitud de vástago, radícula y peso seco (ambas condiciones). Bajo condiciones controladas, PbCl2 y Pb(NO3)2 no afectaron la imbibición, pero al aumentar sus concentraciones, redujeron significativamente la germinación en 18 y 26 %, respectivamente, así como el peso seco del vástago (40 y 49 %), y radícula (40 y 57 %). En invernadero, los compuestos de Pb no redujeron la emergencia, pero inhibieron el crecimiento de radícula; mientras que el Pb(NO3)2 inhibió en mayor proporción su peso seco. El efecto del Pb puede diferir en función del compuesto de Pb utilizado. El Pb(NO3)2 presenta una mayor toxicidad.

This research addressed the lack of standardization in the nutritional interpretation of pecan kernels. The objective was to evaluate the effect of kernel defatting on nutrient concentration, generate correction factors for each element, and establish nutritional standards through the Integrated Differential Diagnosis (IDD). For this purpose, 222 kernel samples of the Western Schley variety were analyzed, collected at the “El Eden” orchard from 2023 to 2025 in Aldama, Chihuahua, Mexico. In these samples, the concentration of macro and micronutrients was determined on a defatted basis and compared with their non-defatted equivalent using a comparison of sample means by paired observations. From this, correction factors were calculated, and subsequently, nutritional standards were generated, which were validated internally and externally in an orchard with similar conditions. The results revealed that defatting significantly increased the concentrations of N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn, while Ca and Na showed a significant decrease, and Cu showed no changes in its concentration. The correction factors allowed the transformation of concentrations from the defatted basis to the non-defatted basis, facilitating comparison with previously reported literature. The validation of the standards indicated that they were useful for detecting nutritional imbalances consistent with soil characteristics, highlighting deficiencies of P, Mn, and Cu, as well as an excess of Na.