Obesity is a rapidly growing problem of public health on a worldwide scale, responsible for more than 60% of deaths associated with high body mass index. Recent studies underpinned the augmenting importance of the gut microbiota in obesity. Gut microbiota alterations affect the energy balance of the host organism; namely, as a factor affecting energy production from the diet and as a factor affecting host genes regulating energy expenditure and storage. Gut microbiota composition is characterised by constant variability, and is affected by several dietary factors, suggesting the probability that manipulation of the gut microbiota may promote leaning or prevent obesity. Our narrative review summarizes the results of recent years that stress the effect of gut microbiota in the development of obesity. It investigates the factors (diet, dietary components, lifestyle, and environment) that might affect the gut microbiota composition. Possible strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity include restoring or modifying the composition of the microbiota by consuming prebiotics and probiotics, fermented foods, fruits, vegetables, and avoiding foods of animal origin high in saturated fat and sugar.

The COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted tourism globally, with considerable variation in impact and recovery across regions. This study examines how tourism demand, revenue, employment, and transport evolved in the Visegrád Four (V4) countries—Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia—between 2015 and 2025, assessing recovery speed and sectoral resilience across nine indicators. The modelled window varies by indicator: 2015–2023 for revenue indicators, 2015–2024 for visitor-flow indicators, and 2015–2025 for employment and air passenger indicators. Annual data from Eurostat and the Hungarian Central Statistical Office were analysed using descriptive comparative methods, linear mixed-effects models, and interrupted time series analysis with counterfactual projections. All indicators showed sustained pre-pandemic growth followed by a statistically significant 2020 shock. International demand fell roughly twice as sharply as domestic demand, and air passenger traffic suffered the largest absolute collapse. Revenue recovered fastest, surpassing pre-pandemic levels by 2023–2024 in all countries, while guest-volume recovery is projected only by 2025–2027. Part-time employment remained below 2015 levels in three of four countries despite volume and revenue recovery, indicating structural labour market adjustment. Slovakia consistently showed non-significant post-shock recovery slopes in seven of nine indicators, emerging as the region’s weakest performer. These findings indicate that COVID-19 produced uneven, revenue-led recovery across V4, and the employment paradox and Slovakia’s underperformance underscore the need for diversified, evidence-based tourism crisis management.

Children with autism experience significantly more feeding difficulties compared to their neurotypical peers, which may lead to long-term health risks. School meals for children with autism remain an under-researched area, despite their crucial role not only in nutritional intake but also in the development of social skills, especially for students who require sensory-sensitive and structured environments. These challenges place an increasing burden on families, healthcare systems, and educational institutions. This study aims to propose inclusive and supported school-based practices that promote healthy eating habits and social integration, based on existing literature and empirical experiences, while considering individual needs. A literature review was conducted to identify studies published between 2018 and 2025 that focused primarily on the school eating habits of autistic children and, secondarily, of children with other neurodevelopmental disorders. Using predefined keywords, six relevant studies were selected, which examined eating behaviors, dietary diversity, and influencing factors. Several studies confirm that the eating habits of autistic children can be improved through various interventions, which support the acceptance of new foods, reduce challenging behaviors, and facilitate better adaptation to the school environment. School meals for children with autism present a complex challenge that goes beyond dietary needs, encompassing sensory sensitivities, social interactions, and environmental conditions. A well-structured and supportive school meal program can reduce stress, promote the acceptance of new foods, and enhance students' integration into mealtime settings.

(1) Background: People with disabilities face significant barriers in accessing health care services, which reduces their chances of achieving good health. (2) Methods: The study examines the public hospitals in Hargita County (Emergency County Hospital of Miercurea Ciuc, Municipal Hospital of Odorheiu Secuiesc, Gheorgheni Municipal Hospital, and Toplița Municipal Hospital), the County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Târgu Mureș, in Hungary (Semmelweis University Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen Clinical Centre, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center at the University of Szeged, University of Pécs Clinical Centre), to present communication and/or care protocols for people with disabilities. (3) Results: The hospitals in Hargita County (including the County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Târgu Mureș) have not developed a specific protocol for the specialized health care of people with disabilities. The University of Pécs Clinical Centre has established professional guidelines and protocols for the treatment of patients with disabilities. (4) Conclusions: In the hospitals examined, the principles of accessible and non-discriminatory care are present; however, these are primarily at the level of general guidelines, and no targeted care has been developed specifically for the health care of people with disabilities, with the exception of the University of Pécs Clinical Centre, which has a publicly available protocol.

Aims: The aim of the study is to give an overview of the known and less-known methods of music therapy for aphasia and to introduce the reader to our own developed therapeutic method based on folk singing, which is not yet internationally known but is already used in Hungary. Method: Articles from the Hungarian and international literature were studied for the research. We used the PubMed database, supplemented by a traditional library search. Results: We found 8 different aphasia therapy methods based on musical elements, targeting aphasic individuals with relatively good auditory speech understanding and impaired language expression skills. Each method was described as effective in improving some areas of impaired language and speech abilities. Our own therapeutic method has been found to be effective in improving word comprehension. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the methods described is known from measurements on relatively small groups of participants, and further research is needed.