Based on the existing classification research of rockburst dynamic disasters, a new rockburst model is introduced. The model specimens with inclusion rock are designed and produced, and the indoor test of inclusion rockburst with or without cementation, different inclusion angles, and prefabricated cracks of different lengths is carried out. The failure process and displacement variation of rock specimens are recorded and measured by the high‐speed camera system and digital image correlation method, and based on this, the characteristics and laws of rockburst are analyzed. The results show that the failure process of inclusion rock can be divided into several periods, such as crushing and extrusion of the cement body, and the cracks in the upper left tip, the lower right tip, the lower left tip, and the upper tip are expanded and broken in different orders. The dynamic ejection failure of the rock fragments occurs when the degree of failure is severe, and the static failure occurs when the degree of failure is weak. The inclusions have cementation, and the better the cementation, the greater the stress loading required in the failure, the greater the energy accumulated, the more severe the failure, and the higher the fractal dimension of the fragments. The larger the angle of the inclusion tip, the greater the stress loading in failure; the greater the change of the u and v displacements, the more the displacement of the inclusions changed; and the more the energy accumulated, the higher the fractal dimension of the fragment. The smaller the crack length, the greater the stress loading in failure, and the more the energy accumulated, the higher the fractal dimension of the fragments in failure. With more number of cracks and the more severe expansion before failure, the failure of rock mass can be transformed from the dynamic to the static.