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https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=TebL1_cAAAAJ&hl=es José María De la Rosa, (Dr.), is a researcher at The Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS) from the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC). He obtained his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Chemistry, both from the University of Seville, receiving the best Ph.D. thesis award (2007). His research on the properties and application of biochar and other forms of pyrogenic organic matter as soil amendments is widely recognized. In the past, he held a postdoctoral position at the Technical University of Munich (TUM, Germany) and at the Instituto Superior Técnico of the University of Lisbon (IST-ITN, Portugal). Since 2012, he works in the Biogeochemistry Department at IRNAS-CSIC, where he has been principal researcher in 8 projects and created a research line dedicated to the design and application of novel organic amendments for the improvement of agricultural soils and carbon stabilization. Dr. De la Rosa has published over 70 scientific papers, 26 book chapters, 4 books and has given numerous presentations at international conferences and meetings. He has received several awards for his research on sustainable agriculture and on the mechanisms of C and N stabilization in pyrogenic organic matter.
Soil pollution by trace elements is a huge problem around the globe. In addition, heavy metal immobilization and primary productivity are two soil ecosystem services of contemporary importance to society. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of using olive pit and rice husk biochars as soil amendments for the immobilization of trace elements and on plant development growing in heavy metals-polluted soils under greenhouse conditions. The application of high doses (5% and 10%) of biochar significantly increased pH, water holding capacity and total C content of the soils. Dehydrogenase activity in the moderately acidic soil was greater than in the acidic soil due to the high concentration of metals and high acidity of the latter. The application of biochar reduced the β–glucosidase activity. Furthermore, the concentrations of CaCl2-extractable heavy metals significantly decreased in biochar amended pots, indicating metal immobilization, which was consistent with the increase in soil pH. Distribution of trace elements in the different fractions was modified after 65 days of incubation, independently of the treatment. The Cu and Zn contents in the oxidizable fraction were reduced with incubation, whereas Cd and Zn in the residual fraction increased. The reduction of bioavailable concentrations and increments in the residual or more stable fractions indicated less risk for the organisms in the environment. All biochars addition significantly increased the root-to-shoot ratio compared to the control soil. Particularly, 10% of amendment increased this ratio in the greatest extent. The application of 10% w/w of rice husk biochar produced at 500 °C was the most effective in restoring soil functionality and reducing the availability of heavy metals in the polluted soils.
Paloma Campos; Heike Knicker; Rafael López; José De la Rosa. Application of Biochar Produced from Crop Residues on Trace Elements Contaminated Soils: Effects on Soil Properties, Enzymatic Activities and Brassica rapa Growth. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1394 .
AMA StylePaloma Campos, Heike Knicker, Rafael López, José De la Rosa. Application of Biochar Produced from Crop Residues on Trace Elements Contaminated Soils: Effects on Soil Properties, Enzymatic Activities and Brassica rapa Growth. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (7):1394.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Campos; Heike Knicker; Rafael López; José De la Rosa. 2021. "Application of Biochar Produced from Crop Residues on Trace Elements Contaminated Soils: Effects on Soil Properties, Enzymatic Activities and Brassica rapa Growth." Agronomy 11, no. 7: 1394.
Understanding the global carbon (C) cycle is critical to accurately model feedbacks between climate and soil. Thus, many climate change studies focused on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock changes. Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is one of the most stable fractions of soil organic matter (SOM). Accurate maps based on measured PyC contents are required to facilitate future soil management decisions and soil-climate feedback modelling. However, consistent measurements that cover large areas are rare. Therefore, this study aimed to map the PyC content and stock of the Iberian Peninsula, which covers contrasting climatic zones and has long-term data on wildfire occurrence. A partial least square (PLS) regression using the mid-infrared spectra (1800-400 cm-1) was applied to a dataset composed of 2,961 soil samples from the Iberian component of the LUCAS 2009 database. The values of PyC for LUCAS points were modelled to obtain a map of topsoil PyC by a random forest (RF) approach using 36 auxiliary variables. The results were validated through comparison with documented historical wildfire activity and anthropogenic energy production. A strong relationship was found between these sources and the distribution of PyC. Our study estimates that the accumulated PyC in Iberian Peninsula soils comprises between 3.09 and 20.39% of total organic carbon (TOC) in the topsoil. Forests have higher PyC contents than grasslands, followed by agricultural soils. The incidence of recurrent wildfires also has a notable influence on PyC contents. This study shows the potential of estimating PyC with a single, rapid, low cost, chemometric method using new or archived soil spectra, and has the ability to improve soil-climate feedback modelling. It also offers a possible tool for measuring, reporting and verifying soil C stocks, which is likely to be important moving forward if soils are used as sinks for C sequestration.
M.A. Jiménez-González; J.M. De la Rosa; E. Aksoy; S. Jeffery; B.R.F. Oliveira; F.G.A. Verheijen. Spatial distribution of pyrogenic carbon in Iberian topsoils estimated by chemometric analysis of infrared spectra. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 790, 148170 .
AMA StyleM.A. Jiménez-González, J.M. De la Rosa, E. Aksoy, S. Jeffery, B.R.F. Oliveira, F.G.A. Verheijen. Spatial distribution of pyrogenic carbon in Iberian topsoils estimated by chemometric analysis of infrared spectra. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 790 ():148170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.A. Jiménez-González; J.M. De la Rosa; E. Aksoy; S. Jeffery; B.R.F. Oliveira; F.G.A. Verheijen. 2021. "Spatial distribution of pyrogenic carbon in Iberian topsoils estimated by chemometric analysis of infrared spectra." Science of The Total Environment 790, no. : 148170.
The expected shortage of global phosphate has enforced the search for alternative resources for P fertilizers. Therefore, the present study focuses on the turnover of phosphorus (P) of hydrochars and pyrochars derived from sewage sludge (SS) in soils during plant growth. We designed a pot experiment in which Lolium perenne L. was allowed to grow on a Calcic Cambisol amended with SS-derived chars. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) yielded the SS-hydrochars (200 °C, 260 °C; 30 min, 3 h), whereas the SS-pyrochars were obtained after dry pyrolysis (600 °C, 1 h). Increasing severity of HTC lowered the recovery of total P (PT) from the feedstock to 76%. The Olsen-P diminished from 4% PT in the untreated sludge to 1% PT in the hydrochars, whereas the pyrochars exhibited an Olsen-P between 3 and 6%. At the end of the pot experiment, the soils amended with pyrochars and with hydrochars produced at 200 °C contained more Olsen-P than the unamended soils, proving that P-rich chars can indeed serve as a P fertilizer. Part of the P sequestered in the chars turned into a mobile form during the experiment. After addition of our chars, the soil pH remained alkaline, allowing the conclusion that P could not have been solubilized through just abiotic processes. We suggest that biological and biochemical processes are involved in this mobilization. This work demonstrates that, in order to evaluate the efficiency of an organic amendment as a P fertilizer, the knowledge of their P availability alone is not sufficient and a better understanding of the biochemical processes involved in the cycling of its immobilized P is certainly required.
Marina Paneque; José de la Rosa; Antonio Patti; Heike Knicker. Changes in the Bio-Availability of Phosphorus in Pyrochars and Hydrochars Derived from Sewage Sludge after Their Amendment to Soils. Agronomy 2021, 11, 623 .
AMA StyleMarina Paneque, José de la Rosa, Antonio Patti, Heike Knicker. Changes in the Bio-Availability of Phosphorus in Pyrochars and Hydrochars Derived from Sewage Sludge after Their Amendment to Soils. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (4):623.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Paneque; José de la Rosa; Antonio Patti; Heike Knicker. 2021. "Changes in the Bio-Availability of Phosphorus in Pyrochars and Hydrochars Derived from Sewage Sludge after Their Amendment to Soils." Agronomy 11, no. 4: 623.
Biochar is the solid residue produced by pyrolysis (thermal treatment under absence of oxygen) of biomass [1]. This material has been widely proposed for remediation of degraded soils [2]. Soil degradation comprises loss of chemical, physical and biological properties of soil, declining soil health. Soils that are polluted with high concentrations of trace elements present serious functional problems. It is estimated that 37 % of the degraded soils in Europe are polluted with trace elements [2]. This study aimed to determine the effects of biochar application into degraded acidic Fluvisols [3], that were polluted in April 1998 by the massive dumping of mine sludge contaminated with heavy metals, called the Aznalcóllar disaster. The studied soils were amended with 8 t ha-1 of olive pit and rice husk biochars. After 6, 12 and 20 months under field conditions, both amended and un-amended soils were sampled for determining microbial diversity using the Illumina Miseq technology of the 16S rRNA gene. Soil properties, soil composition, enzymatic activities and plant development were also analysed. Physical properties of the degraded soils were improved by the application of biochars. Soil pH strongly influenced dehydrogenase and β–glucosidase activities. Biochars enhanced plant diversity and, more specifically, olive pit biochar increased plant yield in the more acidic soil. Differences in microbial communities were found between both soils and sampling campaigns. Moderately acidic soil showed greater alpha diversity comparing to the most acidic soil. In fact, after 6 months of biochar application, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Verrucomicrobia were solely found in the moderately acidic soil. However, Shanon and Simpson index values showed that the application of biochars enhanced bacterial diversity in the most acidic soil after 6 months, which control sample was almost exclusively composed of Ktedonobacteria, belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi. Correlation coefficients explained that biochar amendment increased bacterial diversity by increasing soil pH. The effect of biochar on microbial communities was dissipated over time [4].
References:
[1] IBI, 2015. IBI-STD-2.1. International Biochar Initiative.
[2] European Environment Agency, 2020. https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/soil/soil-threats.
[3] Campos, P., De la Rosa, J.M., 2020. Sustainability 12, 6025.
[4] Campos, P., Miller, A.Z., Prats, S.A., Knicker, H., Hagemann, N., 2020. Soil Biol. Biochem. 150, 108014.
Acknowledgements:
The former Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINEICO) and AEI/FEDER are acknowledge for funding the project CGL2016-76498-R. J.M. De la Rosa thanks MINEICO for funding his “Ramón y Cajal” contract. “Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno” for funding the PhD contract of P. Campos. A.Z. Miller thanks “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” for its support.
Paloma Campos; Ana Z. Miller; Heike Knicker; José María De la Rosa. Biochar potential in reclaiming degraded soils. 2021, 1 .
AMA StylePaloma Campos, Ana Z. Miller, Heike Knicker, José María De la Rosa. Biochar potential in reclaiming degraded soils. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Campos; Ana Z. Miller; Heike Knicker; José María De la Rosa. 2021. "Biochar potential in reclaiming degraded soils." , no. : 1.
Trace elements are toxic at high concentrations and present long-term persistency in the environment. Biochar, the solid carbonaceous residue produced by pyrolysis of biomass, has been proven to have great potential to adsorb trace elements [1]. Biochar efficiency for trace element adsorption depends on biochar properties, which are affected by feedstock and pyrolysis conditions [2, 3]. Nevertheless, the effect of biochar ageing on trace element immobilization is still not well understood. To fill this gap, a 2-years field experiment was performed next to the Guadiamar River (SW Spain), which was polluted in 1998 due to the breakage of a mining waste pond, causing the dumping of millions of tonnes of toxic sludge. Consequently, the soils studied have acid pH and high concentrations of trace elements (As, Ba, Cu, Pb and Zn). For this experiment, the soils were amended with 8 t ha-1 of rice husk and olive pit biochars. Additionally, biochars produced from rice husk, olive pit and wood chips were buried in these polluted soils using permeable bags. After 2 years, soil and biochar properties as well as trace element contents (total and extractable) were determined. The ageing process reduced the aryl C signal in biochar samples as revealed by cross polarization magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS NMR) analysis. O-containing groups in aged biochar were detected by Fourier Transform mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Although biochars effectively adsorbed trace elements from the polluted soils, the contents of CaCl2-extracted trace elements in the soils were not modified. This is probably due to the extremely high total abundance of trace elements in these soils, which permit a quick remobilization of bound metals refilling of the extractable pool, and replacing the heavy metals adsorbed by biochar. Consequently, the content of extractable trace elements in these polluted soils may only be reduced by a periodic application of high amounts of biochars.
References:
[1] Amin, M.T., Alazba, A.A., Shafiq, M., 2018. Chem. Eng. J. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 43, 5711-5722.
[2] Campos, P., De la Rosa, J.M., 2020. Sustainability 12, 6025.
[3] Campos, P., Miller, A.Z., Knicker, H., Costa-Pereira, M.F., Merino, A., De la Rosa, J.M., 2020. Waste Manag. 105, 256-267.
Acknowledgements: The former Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINEICO), AEI/FEDER and CSIC are thanked for funding the project CGL2016-76498-R. J.M. De la Rosa acknowledges MINEICO for funding his “Ramón y Cajal” contract. P. Campos thanks “Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno” for funding her PhD.
José María De la Rosa; Paloma Campos; Ana Z. Miller; Marta Velasco-Molina; Águeda Sánchez-Martín; Araceli De la Rosa; Heike Knicker. Effects of biochar ageing on the remediation potential of trace-element polluted soils. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJosé María De la Rosa, Paloma Campos, Ana Z. Miller, Marta Velasco-Molina, Águeda Sánchez-Martín, Araceli De la Rosa, Heike Knicker. Effects of biochar ageing on the remediation potential of trace-element polluted soils. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé María De la Rosa; Paloma Campos; Ana Z. Miller; Marta Velasco-Molina; Águeda Sánchez-Martín; Araceli De la Rosa; Heike Knicker. 2021. "Effects of biochar ageing on the remediation potential of trace-element polluted soils." , no. : 1.
Soil contamination with trace elements is an important and global environmental concern. This study examined the potential of biochars derived from rice husk (RHB), olive pit (OPB), and a certified biochar produced from wood chips (CWB) to immobilize copper (Cu2+) and lead (Pb2+) in aqueous solution to avoid its leaching and in a pot experiment with acidic Xerofluvent soils multicontaminated with trace elements. After assessing the adsorption potential of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from an aqueous solution of the three studied biochars, the development of Brassica rapa pekinensis plants was monitored on polluted soils amended with the same biochars, to determine their capability to boost plant growth in a soil contaminated with several trace elements. RHB and CWB removed the maximum amounts of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solution in the adsorption experiment. The adsorption capacity increased with initial metal concentrations for all biochars. The efficiency in the adsorption of cationic metals by biochars was clearly affected by biochar chemical properties, whereas total specific surface area seemed to not correlate with the adsorption capacity. Among the isotherm models, the Langmuir model was in the best agreement with the experimental data for both cations for CWB and RHB. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+ was 30.77 and 58.82 mg g−1 for RHB and CWB, respectively, and of Pb2+ was 19.34 and 77.52 mg g−1 for RHB and CWB, respectively. The application of 5% of RHB and CWB to the acidic polluted soils improved soil physico-chemical properties, which permitted the development of Brassica rapa pekinensis plants. RHB and CWB have been shown to be effective for the removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+, and the results obtained regarding plant development in the soils contaminated with trace elements indicated that the soil amendments have promising potential for the recovery of land polluted with heavy metals.
Paloma Campos; José De La Rosa. Assessing the Effects of Biochar on the Immobilization of Trace Elements and Plant Development in a Naturally Contaminated Soil. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6025 .
AMA StylePaloma Campos, José De La Rosa. Assessing the Effects of Biochar on the Immobilization of Trace Elements and Plant Development in a Naturally Contaminated Soil. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6025.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Campos; José De La Rosa. 2020. "Assessing the Effects of Biochar on the Immobilization of Trace Elements and Plant Development in a Naturally Contaminated Soil." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6025.
To track changes in organic matter (OM) in peat soils, analytical techniques are needed that effectively characterize their chemical components. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is a useful method for obtaining a chemical “fingerprint” of OM. To obtain representative fingerprints, the pyrolysis process should be highly reproducible and representative of the original sample; however, these key indicators for successful volatilization are underreported in the literature. We investigated the influence of instrumental parameters (temperatures, heating rates, sample mass), original organic C and nitrogen (N) content, and instrument type (“slow” vs “flash”), on volatilization of different peat samples by monitoring sample mass loss and changes in organic C and N content before and after pyrolysis. Average percent C by mass volatilized (“C pyrolysis efficiency”) across all pyrolysis experiments conducted (mass, instrument types, and settings) was 47.8 ± 1.8%. Sample mass was not a major driver; however, instrument temperatures, heating rate, and original N content had a significant influence on pyrolysis efficiency. N pyrolysis efficiency occurred at significantly higher rates (56.7–75.8%) than C pyrolysis efficiency (45.1–51.6%). N pyrolysis efficiency was also negatively influenced by decreasing concentrations of original sample N, suggesting that N-containing compounds may undergo preferential volatilization in high pyrolysis temperatures. Our data suggest that C pyrolysis efficiency is relatively insensitive to instrumental parameters; whereas when seeking to identify N-containing compounds, appropriate temperatures and heating rates must be chosen. These results provide an expected range for pyrolysis efficiency as a reference for peat samples analyzed with this technique.
Kristy Klein; Miriam Gross-Schmölders; José María De la Rosa; Christine Alewell; Jens Leifeld. Investigating the influence of instrumental parameters and chemical composition on pyrolysis efficiency of peat. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2020, 51, 1572 -1581.
AMA StyleKristy Klein, Miriam Gross-Schmölders, José María De la Rosa, Christine Alewell, Jens Leifeld. Investigating the influence of instrumental parameters and chemical composition on pyrolysis efficiency of peat. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2020; 51 (12):1572-1581.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristy Klein; Miriam Gross-Schmölders; José María De la Rosa; Christine Alewell; Jens Leifeld. 2020. "Investigating the influence of instrumental parameters and chemical composition on pyrolysis efficiency of peat." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 51, no. 12: 1572-1581.
Keywords: Soil reaction, analytical pyrolysis, soil respiration, carbon stabilization
During the last decade, soil organic matter dynamics and its determining factors have received increased attention, mainly due to the evident implication of these parameters in climate change understanding, predictions and possible management. High-mountain soil could be considered as hotspot of climate change dynamic since its high carbon accumulation and low organic matter degradation rates could be seriously altered by slight changes in temperature and rainfall regimes associated to climate change effects. In the particular case of Sierra Nevada National Park, this threat could be even stronger due to its Southern character, although its elevated biodiversity could shed some light on how could we predict and manage climate change in the future.
In this study, a quantitative and qualitative organic matter characterization was performed and soil microbial activity measured to evaluate the implication of pH and vegetation in soil organic matter dynamics.
The sampling areas were selected according to vegetation and soil pH; with distinct soil pH (area A with pH<7 and area B with pH>7) and vegetation (high-mountain shrubs and pine reforested area). Soil samples were collected under the influence of several plant species representatives of each vegetation series. Six samples were finally obtained (five replicates each); three were collected in area A under Juniperus communis ssp. Nana (ENE), Genista versicolor (PIO) and Pinus sylvestris (PSI) and other three were collected in area B under Juniperus Sabina (SAB), Astragalus nevadensis (AST) and Pinus sylvestris (PCA).
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of soil organic matter were made to establish a possible relationship with microbial activity estimated by respiration rate (alkali trap) and fungi-to-bacteria ratio using a plate count method. Soil easily oxidizable organic carbon content was determined by the Walkley-Black method (SOC %) and organic matter amount was estimated by weight loss on ignition (LOI %). Analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) was used to analyse in detail the soil organic carbon composition.
Our results showed that the microbial and therefore the dynamics of organic matter is influenced by both, soil pH and soil of organic matter. So that the pH in acidic media prevail as a determining factor of microbial growth over soil organic matter composition conditioned by vegetation.
Acknowledgement: Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) for INTERCARBON project (CGL2016-78937-R). N.T. Jiménez-Morillo and L. San Emeterio also thanks MICIU for funding FPI research grants (BES-2013-062573 and Ref. BES-2017-07968). Mrs Desiré Monis is acknowledged for technical assistance.
José A. González-Pérez; Gael Bárcenas.Moreno; Nicasio T Jiménez-Morillo; María Colchero-Asensio; Layla M. San Emeterio; José M. De La Rosa. Effect of Ph and vegetation cover in soil organic matter structure at a high-mountain ecosystem (Sierra Nevada National Park, Granada, Spain). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJosé A. González-Pérez, Gael Bárcenas.Moreno, Nicasio T Jiménez-Morillo, María Colchero-Asensio, Layla M. San Emeterio, José M. De La Rosa. Effect of Ph and vegetation cover in soil organic matter structure at a high-mountain ecosystem (Sierra Nevada National Park, Granada, Spain). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé A. González-Pérez; Gael Bárcenas.Moreno; Nicasio T Jiménez-Morillo; María Colchero-Asensio; Layla M. San Emeterio; José M. De La Rosa. 2020. "Effect of Ph and vegetation cover in soil organic matter structure at a high-mountain ecosystem (Sierra Nevada National Park, Granada, Spain)." , no. : 1.
Dehesa are woodlands typical of southern Mediterranean climate species modified by human to seasonal wood-pastures adapted to the unpredictability of the Mediterranean climate. Changes in climatic and environmental conditions can affect both, plant biomass chemical and isotope composition that will eventually be reflected in soil organic matter (SOM). Nowadays, many ecological studies use bulk isotope values, which represent a weighted mean average of the different necromass compounds. An isotopic characterization of individual compounds is desirable to differentiate the isotopic composition of the main plant components. Soil organic matter is composed mainly of high MW biopolymers i.e. polysaccharides, polypeptides, polypeptides, polyesters, etc. not amenable to most chromatographic techniques without the use of intense extraction and sample preparation steps.
Here, an analytical pyrolysis technique combining Py-GC with a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) (Py-CSIA) is described and validated for the direct study of compound specific isotope composition in soil samples.
The consistency of the Py-CSIA was tested using a standard n-alkanes mixture (dissolved C16 to C30 series with increasing concentrations along three pentads, Indiana Univ. SIL mix. Type B). The values obtained fitted to a straight line (R2 > 0.999). No induced thermal cracking nor deviations from the acclaimed isotope composition (fractionation) was observed up to high pyrolysis temperature (< 500 °C).
Composite dehesa (Pozoblanco , Córdoba, Spain) surface soil samples were taken under evergreen oak canopy . A detailed SOM study was performed using conventional analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) and δ13C for specific compounds released after pyrolysis was done using Py-CSIA.
Well-resolved chromatograms were obtained by Py-GC/MS and a total of 40 pyrolysis compounds were detected that represented the chemical variability of soil organic matter and consisted mainly of polysaccharide, lignin-derived compounds (G- and S- units), fatty acids and n-alkanes. When coupling Py with GC-C-IRMS, many c peaks were well resolved and with a sufficient chromatographic separation to give accurate δ13C readings. Nonetheless, there were compounds with high δ13C standard deviations considered not sufficiently resolved for a reliable estimation of their isotope composition due to coelution and were discarded.
The δ13C for specific biomass compounds released by pyrolysis of soil was in line with the expected values for C3 plants i.e. Quercus spp. Polysaccharide derived products (furans, cyclopentanones), showed slightly enriched δ13C values (-26.0 ± 0.47 ‰) in accordance with their naturally 13C enriched composition. Although no statistical differences were found, lignin-derived units showed slightly depleted δ13C ( -27.4 ± 0.78 ‰). Accordingly, depleted δ13C values for lipids (-35.1 ± 2.41 ‰) and alkanes (-35.5 ± 2.20 ‰) were found, the latter with lighter isotope composition with increasing the hydrocarbon length.
Here we show the possibility of using this particular analytical pyrolysis technique (Py-CSIA) for the direct measurement of δ13C in relevant specific soil organic matter components including those from polysaccharides (cellulose/hemicellulose), lignin, lipid/waxes and also peptide/protein-derived compounds.
Acknowledgement: Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) for INTERCARBON project (CGL2016-78937-R) DECAFUN (CGL2015-70123-R). L. San Emeterio also thanks MICIU for funding FPI research grants (BES-2017-07968). Mrs Desiré Monis & Mr Eduardo Gutiérrez González are acknowledged for technical assistance.
José A. González-Pérez; Lyla M. San Emeterio; Francisco J. González-Vila; María T. Domínguez-Núñez; José M. De La Rosa. Direct soil organic matter compound specific δ13C analysis using pyrolysis (Py-CSIA): identification of biomarkers in a dehesa from Southern Spain. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJosé A. González-Pérez, Lyla M. San Emeterio, Francisco J. González-Vila, María T. Domínguez-Núñez, José M. De La Rosa. Direct soil organic matter compound specific δ13C analysis using pyrolysis (Py-CSIA): identification of biomarkers in a dehesa from Southern Spain. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé A. González-Pérez; Lyla M. San Emeterio; Francisco J. González-Vila; María T. Domínguez-Núñez; José M. De La Rosa. 2020. "Direct soil organic matter compound specific δ13C analysis using pyrolysis (Py-CSIA): identification of biomarkers in a dehesa from Southern Spain." , no. : 1.
Biochar, the solid carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis of biomass, is a promising alternative for restoring degraded soils [1]. Specifically, biochar has been reported to increase agronomic productivity of acidic soils. Nevertheless, the theoretical high stability and recalcitrance of biochar is being questioned by recent studies [2]. In addition, the alterations on biochar C after its application into low C soil is still under debate. Thus, this study intends to evaluate the changes in carbon stability when biochars from different feedstock are applied into trace element polluted soils.
For this purpose, biochars were produced from rice husk-RHB, olive pit-OPB and almond shell-ASB using a steel batch reactor (temperature of 500 ºC; reaction time of 2 h under N2 atmosphere with a heating rate of 20 ºC min-1). A certified wood biochar (CWB) was also studied for comparative purposes. Two soils with a moderate and a high concentration of trace elements (called MPS and HPS respectively) were sampled for this study. Mixtures of each soil and 10 % (w/w) of the biochars were prepared in triplicates. Each pot was inoculated with 1 ml of a standard microbial suspension, the moisture was adjusted to 50 % of the water holding capacity and incubated in the automatic respirometer Respicond (Nordgren Innovations, Sweden) at 25 ºC for 60 days similarly to the procedure described by De la Rosa et al (2018) [2]. The CO2 released was measured automatically every 6 h and the kinetics of the biological decomposition of the materials were fitted by a double exponential model. Results showed that the feedstock nature influenced the decomposition rates. Thus, the biochar stability of the tested materials followed the order ASB>RHB>OPB according to MTR2.
Soil respiration showed a different C decomposition rate in both soils, having greater mean residence time in HPS (MTR2=14.9 years) than in MPS (MTR2=5.7 years). Our findings suggest that biochar addition increased the MTR2 of the slow C pool in both soils.
References:
[1] Lehmann, J., Joseph, S., 2015. Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. 2nd ed. London & New York: Earthscan from Routledge.
[2] De la Rosa, J.M., Rosado, M., Paneque, M., Miller, A.Z., Knicker, H., 2018. Effects of aging under field conditions on biochar structure and composition: Implications for biochar stability in soils. Science of the Total Environment 613-614, 969-976.
Acknowledgements:
The former Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINEICO) and AEI/FEDER are thanked for funding the projects CGL2016-76498-R and GL2015-64811-P. P. Campos thanks the “Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno” for funding her PhD.
Paloma Campos Díaz De Mayorga; Ana Z. Miller; Heike Knicker; Águeda Sánchez-Martín; Elena Fernández-Boy; José María De La Rosa. Effect of biochar application at a trace-elements polluted area on soil carbon stability. 2020, 1 .
AMA StylePaloma Campos Díaz De Mayorga, Ana Z. Miller, Heike Knicker, Águeda Sánchez-Martín, Elena Fernández-Boy, José María De La Rosa. Effect of biochar application at a trace-elements polluted area on soil carbon stability. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Campos Díaz De Mayorga; Ana Z. Miller; Heike Knicker; Águeda Sánchez-Martín; Elena Fernández-Boy; José María De La Rosa. 2020. "Effect of biochar application at a trace-elements polluted area on soil carbon stability." , no. : 1.
Due to the chemical composition and surface properties of biochar, a C-rich porous material produced by pyrolysis of biomass, it can act as an effective tool for the remediation of soils polluted with trace elements [1, 2]. However, its capacity to sorb these contaminants in a solution varies considerably depend on pyrolysis conditions, but also on the feedstock. Thus, the major aim of this study is to evaluate the capacity of biochars from two crop residues to sorb Pb2+ and Cu2+.
For this purpose, rice husk and olive pit biochars (RHB and OPB, respectively) were produced in a continuously feed reactor (Pyreka reactor, max. temperature 500 ºC, residence time 12 min; N2 atmosphere).
The efficiency of lead and copper ions (Pb²⁺, Cu2+) removal by the biochars was investigated through batch adsorption experiments. 20 mL of single-metal solutions with 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mM of initial concentration of Pb2+ and Cu2+ were mixed with 20 mg of milled biochar during 48 h. After filtering at 0.45 µm, their concentrations were measured by ICP-OES (Varian ICP 720-ES, Varian Inc., CA, USA).
Removal efficiency of both heavy metals was over 80 % for RHB and OPB when the initial cation concentration was ≤ 0.5 mM. RHB removal capacity was 26 % for Cu2+ and 35 % for Pb2+ when the initial concentration of metal was 5 mM, whereas OPB removal capacity for both cations was lower than 20 %. The adsorption data fitted well to a Langmuir model for both cations for RHB as other authors found [3]. Although, the Langmuir maximum sorption capacity obtained in this work for Cu2+ was similar to that obtain by Samsuri et al. (2014) [3], it was lower for Pb2+. However, sorption data for OPB better fitted to a Temkin isotherm model for Cu2+ and Freundlich model for Pb2+.
The selection of the adequate biomass to produce biochars for the immobilization of trace elements, as Pb and Cu, in soils is very important, due to the huge differences in their adsorption efficiency. RHB showed a greater removal efficiency for Cu2+ and Pb2 than OPB.
References:
[1] Uchimiya, M., Klasson, K.T., Wartelle, L.H., Lima, I.M., 2011. Chemosphere 82, 1438-1447.
[2] Zhao, J., Shen, X.-J., Domene, X., Alcañiz, J.-M., Liao, X., Palet, C., 2019. Sci. Rep. 9, 9869.
[3] Samsuri, A.W., Sadegh-Zadeh, F., She-Bardan, B.J., 2014. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11, 967.
Acknowledgements:
The former Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINEICO) and AEI/FEDER are thanked for funding the project CGL2016-76498-R (BIOREMEC). P. Campos thanks the “Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno” for funding her PhD.
José M. De La Rosa; Águeda Sánchez-Martín; María L. Sánchez-Martín; Nikolas Hagemann; Heike Knicker; Paloma Campos. Application of biochar from crop residues for the removal of lead and copper. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJosé M. De La Rosa, Águeda Sánchez-Martín, María L. Sánchez-Martín, Nikolas Hagemann, Heike Knicker, Paloma Campos. Application of biochar from crop residues for the removal of lead and copper. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé M. De La Rosa; Águeda Sánchez-Martín; María L. Sánchez-Martín; Nikolas Hagemann; Heike Knicker; Paloma Campos. 2020. "Application of biochar from crop residues for the removal of lead and copper." , no. : 1.
Biochar is a pyrogenous organic material resulting from the pyrolysis of organic residues, which is attracting the interest from researchers and farmers for its potential to sequester carbon and its use as soil ameliorant. Pyrolysis conditions and feedstock determine the properties of the biochars produced. In order to understand the relationship between these variables we analysed in detail the physical, chemical and surface characteristics of biochars produced from three contrasting agronomic residues abundantly generated in South Spain, such as rice husk (RH), olive pit (OP) and pruning remains of olive trees (mainly composed of olive branches and leaves; OB), using a temperature range from 350 to 600 °C and residence times from 0.5 to 4 h. High pyrolysis temperature (600 °C) and time resulted in the greatest pH and C content in the biochars. In general, elemental composition and ash content were dependent on the type of organic waste used as feedstock. 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and thermal (TG-DSC) analyses showed that temperatures ≥500 °C are needed to achieve a high degree of aromatization of the chars. Micro-computed tomography and field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the structure of RH was preserved during the pyrolysis process, favouring a greater porosity for these biochars. These data are very useful for the production of stable biochars obtained from residual biomass, maximising the value of residual biomass resources. These biochars show physical and chemical properties, such as adequate pH, high water retention capacity or high porosity, of interest for their use as soil amendments.
Paloma Campos; Ana Z. Miller; Heike Knicker; Manuel Pereira; Agustín Merino; José María De la Rosa. Chemical, physical and morphological properties of biochars produced from agricultural residues: Implications for their use as soil amendment. Waste Management 2020, 105, 256 -267.
AMA StylePaloma Campos, Ana Z. Miller, Heike Knicker, Manuel Pereira, Agustín Merino, José María De la Rosa. Chemical, physical and morphological properties of biochars produced from agricultural residues: Implications for their use as soil amendment. Waste Management. 2020; 105 ():256-267.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Campos; Ana Z. Miller; Heike Knicker; Manuel Pereira; Agustín Merino; José María De la Rosa. 2020. "Chemical, physical and morphological properties of biochars produced from agricultural residues: Implications for their use as soil amendment." Waste Management 105, no. : 256-267.
Agriculture has changed dramatically due to mechanization, new technologies, and the increased use of chemical fertilizers. These factors maximize production and reduce food prices, but may also enhance soil degradation. Sustainable agricultural practices include altering crop varieties and the use of soil amendments to increase production, improve irrigation, and more effectively use fertilizers. Ancient and modern durum wheat varieties have been shown to be tolerant to conditions caused by climate change and increase production. Biochar soil amendments have been reported to increase crop yields, soil fertility, and to promote plant growth. However, results are variable depending on biomass source, application conditions, and crop species. This study evaluates the crop response of two contrasting durum wheat varieties on an Eutric Cambisol amended with beech wood biochar. Wheat varieties used are Saragolla, an ancient variety traditionally used in Southern Italy, and Svevo, a widely used commercial variety. The effect of biochar soil amendment on the expression of genes involved in the germination of these two varieties of wheat was determined using RT-PCR. The content of hormones such as gibberellins (GAs), auxins (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) was determined. Results demonstrate that biochar had a stimulatory effect on the growth performances of Svevo and Saragolla cultivars at the molecular level. This correlated to the promoted transcription of genes involved in the control of plant development. Overall, the presence of biochar as soil amendment improved the germination rates of both varieties, but the ancient wheat cultivar was better suited to the Eutric Cambisol than the commercial variety. This trend was also observed in un-amended pots, which may indicate better adaptability of the ancient wheat cultivar to withstand environmental stress than the commercial variety.
Marco Racioppi; Maria Tartaglia; José María De La Rosa; Mauro Marra; Elisa Lopez-Capel; Mariapina Rocco. Response of Ancient and Modern Wheat Varieties to Biochar Application: Effect on Hormone and Gene Expression Involved in Germination and Growth. Agronomy 2019, 10, 5 .
AMA StyleMarco Racioppi, Maria Tartaglia, José María De La Rosa, Mauro Marra, Elisa Lopez-Capel, Mariapina Rocco. Response of Ancient and Modern Wheat Varieties to Biochar Application: Effect on Hormone and Gene Expression Involved in Germination and Growth. Agronomy. 2019; 10 (1):5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Racioppi; Maria Tartaglia; José María De La Rosa; Mauro Marra; Elisa Lopez-Capel; Mariapina Rocco. 2019. "Response of Ancient and Modern Wheat Varieties to Biochar Application: Effect on Hormone and Gene Expression Involved in Germination and Growth." Agronomy 10, no. 1: 5.
The presence of the toxin cylindrospermopsin is increasingly frequent in samples from different ecosystems and it is a serious problem both at environmental level and for animal and human health. To be able to prevent CYN exposure risk, it is important to have suitable analytical methods, but also quick and economical ones. Analytical pyrolysis coupled to GC/MS (Py-GC/MS) represents an important alternative for the rapid detection, characterization or “fingerprinting” of different materials. However, it has been less studied with cyanotoxins up to date. The present work aims to investigate: 1) the suitability of Py-GC/MS for detection of CYN and its decomposition products in raw and cooked fish samples before consumption and 2) the influence of the different cooking methods on the presence of different CYN degradation products detected by Py-GC/MS. For first time, these results present that Py-GC/MS could be a rapid and economical alternative for the detection and monitoring of CYN and its degradation products (DP. m/z 290.1, 169.1 and 336.2) in raw or cooked fish. Moreover, the changes induced in CYN and DP by cooking could be amenable and detected by Py-GC/MS.
Ana I. Prieto; Remedios Guzmán-Guillén; Ángeles Jos; Ana M. Cameán; José Ma de la Rosa; José A. González-Pérez. Detection of cylindrospermopsin and its decomposition products in raw and cooked fish (Oreochromis niloticus) by analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS). Chemosphere 2019, 244, 125469 .
AMA StyleAna I. Prieto, Remedios Guzmán-Guillén, Ángeles Jos, Ana M. Cameán, José Ma de la Rosa, José A. González-Pérez. Detection of cylindrospermopsin and its decomposition products in raw and cooked fish (Oreochromis niloticus) by analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS). Chemosphere. 2019; 244 ():125469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna I. Prieto; Remedios Guzmán-Guillén; Ángeles Jos; Ana M. Cameán; José Ma de la Rosa; José A. González-Pérez. 2019. "Detection of cylindrospermopsin and its decomposition products in raw and cooked fish (Oreochromis niloticus) by analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS)." Chemosphere 244, no. : 125469.
A detailed and global quantitative assessment of the distribution of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in soils remains unaccounted due to the current lack of unbiased methods for its routine quantification in environmental samples. Conventional oxidation with potassium dichromate has been reported as a useful approach for the determination of recalcitrant C in soils. However, its inaccuracy due to the presence of residual non-polar but still non-PyC requires additional analysis by 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which is expensive and time consuming. The goal of this work is to examine the possibility of applying infrared (IR) spectroscopy as a potential alternative. Different soil type samples (paddy soil, Histic Humaquept, Leptosol and Cambisol) have been used. The soils were digested with potassium dichromate to determine the PyC content in environmental samples. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression was used to build calibration models to predict PyC from IR spectra. A set of artificially produced samples rich in PyC was used as reference to observe in detail the IR bands derived from aromatic structures resistant to dichromate oxidation, representing black carbon. The results showed successful PLS forecasting of PyC in the different samples by using spectra in the 1800–400 cm−1 range. This lead to significant (P < 0.05) cross-validation coefficients for PyC, determined as the aryl C content of the oxidized residue. The Variable Importance for Projection (VIP) traces for the corresponding PLS regression models plotted in the whole IR range indicates the extent to which each IR band contributes to explain the aryl C and PyC contents. In fact, forecasting PyC in soils requires information from several IR regions. In addition to the expected IR bands corresponding to aryl C, other bands are informing about the patterns of oxygen-containing functional groups and the mineralogical composition characteristic of the soils with greater black carbon storage capacity. The VIP traces of the charred biomass samples confirm that aromatic bands (1620 and 1510 cm−1) are the most important in the prediction model for PyC-rich samples. These facts suggest that the mid-IR spectroscopy could be a potential tool to estimate the black carbon.
José M. De la Rosa; Marco A. Jiménez-González; Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo; Heike Knicker; Gonzalo Almendros. Quantitative forecasting black (pyrogenic) carbon in soils by chemometric analysis of infrared spectra. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 251, 109567 .
AMA StyleJosé M. De la Rosa, Marco A. Jiménez-González, Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo, Heike Knicker, Gonzalo Almendros. Quantitative forecasting black (pyrogenic) carbon in soils by chemometric analysis of infrared spectra. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 251 ():109567.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé M. De la Rosa; Marco A. Jiménez-González; Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo; Heike Knicker; Gonzalo Almendros. 2019. "Quantitative forecasting black (pyrogenic) carbon in soils by chemometric analysis of infrared spectra." Journal of Environmental Management 251, no. : 109567.
Biochar has been shown as a potential mean to enhance carbon sequestration in the soil. In Brazil, approximately 15% of the produced charcoal is discarded as charcoal fines, which are chemically similar to biochar. Therefore, we aimed to test charcoal fines as a strategy to increase soil carbon sequestration. Charcoal fines of hardwood Mimosa scabrella were incorporated into a Cambisol down to 10 cm (T1 = 0 and T4 = 40 Mg ha−1) in Southern Brazil. Soil samples were collected (0–30 cm) 20 months after charcoal amendment. Soil organic matter (SOM) acid extract, humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin fractions were separated. Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra from charcoal and SOM in T1 and T4 were obtained before and after 165 days of incubation under controlled conditions. Charcoal increased soil carbon as fulvic (10–20 cm) and humic acids (10–30 cm) and, especially, as humin (0–5 cm), which probably occurred due to the hydrophobic character of the charcoal. The 13C NMR spectra and mean residence times (MRT) measured from incubation essays indicated that the charred material decomposed relatively fast and MRT of T1 and T4 samples were similar. It follows that the charcoal fines underwent similar decomposition as SOM, despite the high charcoal dose applied to the soil and the high aryl C contribution (78%) to the total 13C intensity of the charcoal NMR spectra.
Otávio Dos Anjos Leal; Deborah Pinheiro Dick; José María De La Rosa; Daniela Piaz Barbosa Leal; José A. González-Pérez; Gabriel Soares Campos; Heike Knicker. Charcoal Fine Residues Effects on Soil Organic Matter Humic Substances, Composition, and Biodegradability. Agronomy 2019, 9, 384 .
AMA StyleOtávio Dos Anjos Leal, Deborah Pinheiro Dick, José María De La Rosa, Daniela Piaz Barbosa Leal, José A. González-Pérez, Gabriel Soares Campos, Heike Knicker. Charcoal Fine Residues Effects on Soil Organic Matter Humic Substances, Composition, and Biodegradability. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (7):384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOtávio Dos Anjos Leal; Deborah Pinheiro Dick; José María De La Rosa; Daniela Piaz Barbosa Leal; José A. González-Pérez; Gabriel Soares Campos; Heike Knicker. 2019. "Charcoal Fine Residues Effects on Soil Organic Matter Humic Substances, Composition, and Biodegradability." Agronomy 9, no. 7: 384.
The pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) resulted in products free of pathogens, with the potential for being used as soil amendment. With this work, we evaluated the impact of dry pyrolysis-treated (600 °C, 1 h) and HTC-treated (200 °C, 260 °C; 0.5 h, 3 h) SS on the germination, survival, and growth of Lolium perenne during an 80 day greenhouse experiment. Therefore, the hydrochars and pyrochars were amended to a Calcic Cambisol at doses of 5 and 25 t ha−1. The addition of sludge pyrochars to the Cambisol did not affect Lolium germination, survival rates or plant yields. However, the use 25 t ha−1 of wood biochar reduced germination and survival rates, which may be related to the low N availability of this sample. In comparison to the control, higher or equal plant biomass was produced in the hydrochar-amended pots, even though some hydrochars decreased plant germination and survival rates. Among all the evaluated char properties, only the organic and inorganic N contents of the chars, along with their organic C values, positively correlated with total and shoot biomass production. Our work demonstrates the N fertilization potential of the hydrochar produced at low temperature, whereas the hydrochar produced at 260 °C and the pyrochars were less efficient with respect to plant yields.
Marina Paneque; Heike Knicker; Jürgen Kern; José María De La Rosa. Hydrothermal Carbonization and Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge: Effects on Lolium perenne Germination and Growth. Agronomy 2019, 9, 363 .
AMA StyleMarina Paneque, Heike Knicker, Jürgen Kern, José María De La Rosa. Hydrothermal Carbonization and Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge: Effects on Lolium perenne Germination and Growth. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (7):363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Paneque; Heike Knicker; Jürgen Kern; José María De La Rosa. 2019. "Hydrothermal Carbonization and Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge: Effects on Lolium perenne Germination and Growth." Agronomy 9, no. 7: 363.
The interest of using biochar, the solid byproduct from organic waste pyrolysis, as soil conditioner is significantly increasing. Nevertheless, persistent organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are formed during pyrolysis due to the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Consequently, these pollutants may enter the environment when biochar is incorporated into soil and cause adverse ecological effects. In this study, we examined the content of the 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) PAHs in biochars produced from rice husk, wood, wheat and sewage sludge residues using three different pyrolytic reactors and temperatures (400, 500 and 600 °C). The total concentration of PAHs (∑PAH) ranged from 799 to 6364 μg kg−1, being naphthalene, phenanthrene and anthracene the most abundant PAHs in all the biochars. The maximum amount of PAHs was observed for the rice husk biochar produced in the batch reactor at 400 °C, which decreased with increasing temperature. The ∑PAH value of the wood biochar produced via traditional kilns doubled compared with the wood biochar produced using the other pyrolytic reactors (5330 μg kg−1 in Kiln; 2737 μg kg−1 in batch and 1942 μg kg−1 in the rotary reactor). Looking for a more reliable risk assessment of the potential exposure of PAHs in biochar, the total toxic equivalent concentrations (TTEC) of the 14 produced biochars were calculated. When comparing the same feedstock and temperature, TTEC values indicated that the rotary reactor produced the safest biochars. In contrast, the biochars produced using the batch reactor at 400 and 500 °C have the greatest hazard potential. Our results provide valuable information on the potential risk of biochar application for human and animal health, as well as for the environment due to PAHs contamination.
José M. De la Rosa; Águeda M. Sánchez-Martín; Paloma Campos; Ana Z. Miller. Effect of pyrolysis conditions on the total contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochars produced from organic residues: Assessment of their hazard potential. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 667, 578 -585.
AMA StyleJosé M. De la Rosa, Águeda M. Sánchez-Martín, Paloma Campos, Ana Z. Miller. Effect of pyrolysis conditions on the total contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochars produced from organic residues: Assessment of their hazard potential. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 667 ():578-585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé M. De la Rosa; Águeda M. Sánchez-Martín; Paloma Campos; Ana Z. Miller. 2019. "Effect of pyrolysis conditions on the total contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochars produced from organic residues: Assessment of their hazard potential." Science of The Total Environment 667, no. : 578-585.
Mulching has amply proven its effectiveness to mitigate post-fire soil erosion but its impacts on soil organic matter (SOM) quality and quantity continue poorly studied. The present study addressed this knowledge gap for a eucalypt plantation in central Portugal that had been burnt and, immediately after the wildfire, mulched with 13.6 Mg ha−1 of eucalypt logging residues some five years before. This was done by performing a range of analytical techniques (elemental and isotope analyses, analytical pyrolysis and 13C NMR spectroscopy) not only on the bulk soil samples but also on their humic acids (HAs) and free organic matter (FOM) fractions. While mulching reduced soil and SOM losses with 91 and 93%, respectively, it also improved SOM quality of the topsoil, in particular in terms of HAs and FOM. At 0–4 cm depth, both HAs and FOM contents were roughly twice as high in the mulched plots as in the control plots. The effects of mulching on the molecular composition of HAs and FOM fractions, however, varied markedly. Analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) revealed that mulching had led to a noticeable accumulation of labile, aliphatic SOM constituents such as carbohydrate-derived and alkyl compounds (fatty acids and n-alkanes) but that it hardly affected the composition of HAs. Even so, solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy showed that mulching had resulted in a relative increase in aryl C in the FOM fraction, suggesting an enhanced preservation of the pyrogenic OM. Overall, the combined use of a range of analytical techniques allowed to conclude that, five years after their application, the forest logging residues had led to a greater preservation of the fire-derived pyrogenic OM (mainly aromatic compounds) in the topsoil as well as to higher contents of SOM's most labile molecular constituents (mainly carbohydrates and n-alkyl compounds). The former reflected the reduced erosion rates, while the latter was probably due to a combination of reduced erosion rates with the additional input of fresh organic matter.
José M. De La Rosa; Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo; José A. González-Pérez; Gonzalo Almendros; Diana Vieira; Heike E. Knicker; Jakob Keizer. Mulching-induced preservation of soil organic matter quality in a burnt eucalypt plantation in central Portugal. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 231, 1135 -1144.
AMA StyleJosé M. De La Rosa, Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo, José A. González-Pérez, Gonzalo Almendros, Diana Vieira, Heike E. Knicker, Jakob Keizer. Mulching-induced preservation of soil organic matter quality in a burnt eucalypt plantation in central Portugal. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 231 ():1135-1144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé M. De La Rosa; Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo; José A. González-Pérez; Gonzalo Almendros; Diana Vieira; Heike E. Knicker; Jakob Keizer. 2018. "Mulching-induced preservation of soil organic matter quality in a burnt eucalypt plantation in central Portugal." Journal of Environmental Management 231, no. : 1135-1144.
Straw and pig slurry Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD) was carried out in a pilot-scale apparatus using percolate recirculation technology. The digestion experiments were performed using 1, 2 and 4 recirculations per day; an additional experiment without percolate recirculation was used as control. The initial mixture and the digestates were analysed by means of chemical analyses and Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), a direct analytical technique that allows investigating the changes in the organic matter (OM) composition of digestates and the effect of percolate recirculation frequency. Chemical analyses suggested a positive effect of percolate recirculation on OM degradation. The highest values of OM loss were found with 2 (26%) and 4 (31%) recirculation cycles per day, that also corresponded with the lowest values of the hydrophilic water extractable organic matter fraction (5.5 and 6.3% respectively). Py-GC/MS showed that the anaerobic digestion proceeded with progressive polysaccharide degradation (from c. 19% in the initial mixture to 10-8% with 2-4 recirculation cycles) and selective enrichment of lignin derived compounds (from c. 58% in the initial mixture to 67-69% with 2-4 recirculation cycles). In addition, a shift in the fatty acids distribution was observed with a decrease in the long/short chain ratio of fatty acid methyl esters. These results indicate that under our experimental conditions, percolate recirculation had a positive effect on the OM degradation. Also OM stabilization is observed with relative increases in recalcitrant lignin at the expense of the more liable polysaccharide fraction. This paper represents the first attempt to apply Py-GC/MS to evaluate the OM quality in digestates obtained by SS-AD of pig slurry and straw optimized by percolate recirculation.
Ornella Cavallo; José María De La Rosa; José Antonio González-Pérez; Heike Knicker; Daniela Pezzolla; Giovanni Gigliotti; Maria Rosaria Provenzano. Molecular characterization of digestates from solid-state anaerobic digestion of pig slurry and straw using analytical pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2018, 134, 73 -82.
AMA StyleOrnella Cavallo, José María De La Rosa, José Antonio González-Pérez, Heike Knicker, Daniela Pezzolla, Giovanni Gigliotti, Maria Rosaria Provenzano. Molecular characterization of digestates from solid-state anaerobic digestion of pig slurry and straw using analytical pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2018; 134 ():73-82.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrnella Cavallo; José María De La Rosa; José Antonio González-Pérez; Heike Knicker; Daniela Pezzolla; Giovanni Gigliotti; Maria Rosaria Provenzano. 2018. "Molecular characterization of digestates from solid-state anaerobic digestion of pig slurry and straw using analytical pyrolysis." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 134, no. : 73-82.