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Dr. Xiaole Han
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 experimental hydrology
0 Hydrological connectivity
0 Critical zone science
0 Hillslope surface and subsurface flow interaction
0 Rainfall–runoff response

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Journal article
Published: 04 May 2020 in Journal of Hydrology
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Flow connectivity in the hillslope–riparian–stream (HRS) system describes the hydrological linkage between upland water and the channel network. However, the time and form of the establishment of HRS connectivity are not adequately understood. Herein, we examined how hillslope structure (topography and soil) and rainfall influence HRS connectivity in a steep, forested, zero-order catchment at the Hemuqiao Hydrological Experimental Station in Southeast China, from July 2016 to November 2017. To this end, surface and subsurface flow, soil moisture, and soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were observed, and soil dye staining experiments were conducted. Two patterns of HRS connectivity, namely saturation connectivity that initiates at the soil–bedrock interface (SCSB) and saturation connectivity at different soil horizons (SCSH), were identified. The persistence time of SCSH connectivity was short (<1 h), and the contribution of the perched interflow in different soil horizons to the total runoff was relatively small (0.6–3.0%). Instead, we found that the soil–bedrock interface acted as an important impeding layer that established HRS connectivity. That is, among the rainfall events during which HRS connectivity was established, 90% were established through SCSB connectivity and only 10% were established through SCSH connectivity. We further evaluated the time required to established HRS connectivity and found that SCSB connectivity required more time (4.6–67.4 h) than SCSH connectivity (<1 h). We further found that rainfall intensity determined the initiation of connectivity and that the time required for HRS connectivity decreased exponentially with increasing rainfall intensity (R2 = 0.67). Finally, we found that subsurface saturation excess flow, rather than Hortonian overland flow, was the main contributor to the flood peak during large events. In these events, the total volume of the runoff and flood peak were five and eight times higher than that of subsurface outflow, respectively. These results provide a clearer understanding of runoff generation and can narrow the gap between experiments and models for further development of hydrological theories and methods.

ACS Style

Xiaole Han; Jintao Liu; Puneet Srivastava; Subhasis Mitra; Ruimin He. Effects of critical zone structure on patterns of flow connectivity induced by rainstorms in a steep forested catchment. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 587, 125032 .

AMA Style

Xiaole Han, Jintao Liu, Puneet Srivastava, Subhasis Mitra, Ruimin He. Effects of critical zone structure on patterns of flow connectivity induced by rainstorms in a steep forested catchment. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 587 ():125032.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaole Han; Jintao Liu; Puneet Srivastava; Subhasis Mitra; Ruimin He. 2020. "Effects of critical zone structure on patterns of flow connectivity induced by rainstorms in a steep forested catchment." Journal of Hydrology 587, no. : 125032.

Journal article
Published: 14 February 2019 in Water
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Our knowledge of the similarities and differences in ecological systems is vital to understanding the co-evolution of ecological factors. This study proposes a multi-dimensional hydro-climatic similarity and classification framework based on Budyko theory. The framework employs the dryness index (DI), evaporative index (EI), and an empirical parameter (ω) to further sub-divide four climatic zones (humid, semi-humid, semi-arid, and arid zones) in terms of DI. A criterion that define the similarities between stations is proposed to verify the classification to obtain optimal results. This method is applied to Mainland China, and 637 stations are adopted for continental-scale classification experiments. The point cloud of the Budyko curve for all the stations in Mainland China is plotted. We find that the hydrothermal conditions of the vertically distributed stations on the Budyko curve can be quite different in the same climatic zone when DI < 4.0. The higher the vertical locations of the stations on the Budyko curve are, the drier and colder the climates and corresponding natural landscapes. Under the proposed hydro-climatic classification framework, the four climatic zones are further divided into 17 sub-regions, and the hydrothermal conditions for each sub-region are discussed. The results suggest that regional differences of long-term water balance are resulted by not only mean annual hydrothermal factors and catchment forms but also annual distribution of hydrothermal factors. Our framework can provide hydrologically-based classification across continental scale and, thus, provide a profound understanding of hydrothermal conditions of continental-scale hydrological cycles.

ACS Style

Jintao Liu; Shanshan Xu; Xiaole Han; Xi Chen; Ruimin He. A Multi-Dimensional Hydro-Climatic Similarity and Classification Framework Based on Budyko Theory for Continental-Scale Applications in China. Water 2019, 11, 319 .

AMA Style

Jintao Liu, Shanshan Xu, Xiaole Han, Xi Chen, Ruimin He. A Multi-Dimensional Hydro-Climatic Similarity and Classification Framework Based on Budyko Theory for Continental-Scale Applications in China. Water. 2019; 11 (2):319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jintao Liu; Shanshan Xu; Xiaole Han; Xi Chen; Ruimin He. 2019. "A Multi-Dimensional Hydro-Climatic Similarity and Classification Framework Based on Budyko Theory for Continental-Scale Applications in China." Water 11, no. 2: 319.