Dendritic cells (DCs) are recognized as the most effective antigen-presenting cells at present. DCs have corresponding therapeutic effects in tumor immunity, transplantation immunity, infection inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, and the activation of T cells is dependent on DCs. However, normal bone-marrow-derived Dendritic cells (BMDCs) cultured on conventional culture plates are easy to be activated during culturing, and it is difficult to imitate the internal immune function. Here, we reported a novel BMDCs culturing with hydrogel substrate (CCHS), where we synthesized low substituted Gelatin Methacrylate-30 (GelMA-30) hydrogels and used them as a substitute for conventional culture plates in the culture and induction of BMDCs in vitro. The results showed that 5% GelMA-30 substrate was the best culture condition for BMDCs culturing. The low level of costimulatory molecules and the level of development-related transcription factors of BMDCs by CCHS were closer to that of spleen DCs and were capable of better promoting T cell activation and exerting an immune effect. CCHS was helpful to study the transformation of DCs from initial state to activated state, which contributes to the development of DC-T cell immunotherapy.

Cardiovascular toxicity associated with anti-tumor therapies is garnering increased attention. Anti-tumor therapies may elevate the risk of acute coronary syndrome, particularly in patients with underlying subclinical atherosclerosis. In this context, a 58-year-old female patient with HER2-positive breast cancer experienced an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction following chemotherapy, dual HER2-targeted therapy, and radiotherapy to the left breast. Prior to the initiation of anti-tumor treatment, chest-computed tomography had identified coronary artery calcification. Angiographic evaluation revealed subtotal occlusion of the middle segment of the left circumflex artery extending to the first obtuse marginal branch, accompanied by multivessel coronary atherosclerotic lesions. Coronary blood flow was restored following emergency interventional treatment. This case indicates that multimodal anti-tumor therapy may facilitate the progression of coronary atherosclerosis, thereby elevating the risk of acute coronary events.

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a leading cause of resistant hypertension with excess cardiovascular and renal damage. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is a reliable procedure for lateralizing primary aldosteronism (PA). However, the optimal preoperative supine duration before AVS remains controversial. We hypothesis that a 15-minute preoperative supine rest would yield equivalent AVS diagnostic performance for guiding PA management. Methods: This single-centre, prospective non-inferiority randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with confirmed PA at a tertiary hospital in China between March 2023 and October 2025. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to 15-minute or 2-hour pre-AVS supine rest, with at least 6 months of follow-up after treatment. We adopted modified intention-to-diagnose analysis. The primary outcome was complete biochemical remission after AVS-directed therapy; secondary outcomes included the complete clinical remission rate, antihypertensive medication dosage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and adverse events. This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05658705). Findings: 130 patients were screened, and 125 were randomized (15-min group n=64; 2-h group n=61). The primary non-inferiority endpoint was satisfied: complete biochemical remission was 70.3% (45/64) in the 15-minute group versus 80.3% (49/61) in the 2-hour group (p=0.14). The two groups also had comparable rates of complete clinical remission (15min: 37.5% [24/64]); 2hr: 37.7% [23/61]; p=0.84). While 15-minute rest yielded lower adrenal vein cortisol and selectivity index (SI) (right adrenal vein, p=0.001; left adrenal vein, p=0.01), the critical lateralization index (LI) was comparable between groups (p=0.90). Interpretation: Shortening preprocedural supine time to 15 minutes does not compromise AVS diagnostic accuracy to guide PA surgical or medical treatment. Although brief recumbency lowers adrenal venous cortisol and SI, lateralization capacity is preserved. A 15-minute supine protocol improves patient comfort and clinical workflow without sacrificing AVS accuracy, suitable for centres with extensive experience.