(1) Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic represented a real challenge for all of humanity. Characterized by a complex spectrum of signs and symptoms, by various severity degrees, the disease spread rapidly around the world. After more than two and half years since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of a paradoxical, enigmatic, and relentless COVID-19, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the characteristics and evolution of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalized in “St. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases (Iasi, Romania). (2) Methods: This is a retrospective study that used the medical database recorded between July and November 2021 in order to highlight the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients from the northeastern region of Romania. (3) Results: We enrolled in the study a total of 1732 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, mean age 67 ± 3.4 years, the female gender predominating (987 cases; 56.98%) as well as patients from the urban environment (982 patients; 56.69%). Moderate form of the disease predominated (814 cases; 47%), pulmonary imaging changes were found in 1042 (60.16%) cases, and 1242 (71.71%) patients had at least one underlying disease. After a median length of hospitalization of 9.5 days, 1359 (78.46%) patients were discharged cured, 48 (2.77%) were transferred to other services by decompensating the associated pathologies, 302 (17.43%) patients needed extensive support in the intensive care unit and there were 325 (18.76%) deaths. (4) Conclusions: The epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection recorded in our study were mostly the same as characteristics of COVID-19 from all over the world.

Background and Objectives: Neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection frequently impair patients’ long-term quality of life. This study aimed to identify clinical and laboratory risk factors—including inflammatory markers and micronutrients—for the occurrence or worsening of neurocognitive disorders in long COVID patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients presenting with long COVID neurological manifestations were stratified by baseline MoCA score into two groups (≥23 and <23). Clinical, laboratory (inflammatory markers, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid), and neuroimaging assessments (global cortical atrophy scale, Fazekas score) were performed over 24 months. Propensity score matching (PSM) for age, gender, and neurological comorbidities yielded 54 patients per group. Results: In the MoCA ≥ 23 group, significant predictors of cognitive decline included severe COVID-19 (OR = 2.211, 95% CI = 1.819–5.973, p = 0.012), autoimmune comorbidities (OR = 1.676, 95% CI = 1.191–2.390, p = 0.043), and elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; OR = 1.586, 95% CI = 1.431–2.122, p = 0.011). In the MoCA < 23 group, independent predictors were diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.021, 95% CI = 2.65–14.004, p = 0.016), autoimmune comorbidities (OR = 4.987, 95% CI = 1.412–6.033, p = 0.021), and NLR (OR = 5.944, 95% CI = 2.353–19.321, p = 0.015). Serum vitamin D levels were significantly associated with MoCA scores in both groups. Conclusions: COVID-19 severity, autoimmune comorbidities, NLR, and serum vitamin D represent key risk factors for neurocognitive decline in long COVID, highlighting potential targets for early intervention.