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M.A. Tosca; I. Schiavetti; G. Ciprandi. Bronchial obstruction perception and uncontrolled asthma in clinical practice. Respiratory Medicine and Research 2021, 80, 100849 .
AMA StyleM.A. Tosca, I. Schiavetti, G. Ciprandi. Bronchial obstruction perception and uncontrolled asthma in clinical practice. Respiratory Medicine and Research. 2021; 80 ():100849.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.A. Tosca; I. Schiavetti; G. Ciprandi. 2021. "Bronchial obstruction perception and uncontrolled asthma in clinical practice." Respiratory Medicine and Research 80, no. : 100849.
Maria A. Tosca; Marco Crocco; Donata Girosi; Roberta Olcese; Irene Schiavetti; Giorgio Ciprandi. Unaffected asthma control in children with mild asthma after COVID‐19. Pediatric Pulmonology 2021, 56, 3068 -3070.
AMA StyleMaria A. Tosca, Marco Crocco, Donata Girosi, Roberta Olcese, Irene Schiavetti, Giorgio Ciprandi. Unaffected asthma control in children with mild asthma after COVID‐19. Pediatric Pulmonology. 2021; 56 (9):3068-3070.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria A. Tosca; Marco Crocco; Donata Girosi; Roberta Olcese; Irene Schiavetti; Giorgio Ciprandi. 2021. "Unaffected asthma control in children with mild asthma after COVID‐19." Pediatric Pulmonology 56, no. 9: 3068-3070.
Amelia Licari; Riccardo Castagnoli; Riccardo Ciprandi; Gian Luigi Marseglia; Giorgio Ciprandi. Inadequate literacy is associated with uncontrolled asthma in adolescents. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAmelia Licari, Riccardo Castagnoli, Riccardo Ciprandi, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Giorgio Ciprandi. Inadequate literacy is associated with uncontrolled asthma in adolescents. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmelia Licari; Riccardo Castagnoli; Riccardo Ciprandi; Gian Luigi Marseglia; Giorgio Ciprandi. 2021. "Inadequate literacy is associated with uncontrolled asthma in adolescents." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology , no. : 1.
Otitis media (OM) is a disease with high prevalence in infancy; it has a substantial burden on healthcare resources and a relevant impact on the quality of life of families. The link between OM and allergic rhinitis (AR) is still debated. However, there is agreement about the relevance of type 2 inflammation on turbinate hypertrophy (TH) generation. There is also evidence that TH is associated with middle ear dysventilation: a pathogenic factor promoting OM. Therefore, a vicious circle among AR, TH, and OM may occur. There are some recent studies exploring this issue through different approaches, such as epidemiological, mechanistic, and therapeutic. Identifying allergy as a pathogenic factor for OM could improve the management of OM patients. Vice versa, suspecting AR in OM patients could be reasonable in selected patients. The current narrative review provides an overview of the evidence concerning the potential role of AR, and associated TH, in OM patients.
Giorgio Ciprandi; Maria Angela Tosca. Turbinate Hypertrophy, Allergic Rhinitis, and Otitis Media. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2021, 21, 1 -5.
AMA StyleGiorgio Ciprandi, Maria Angela Tosca. Turbinate Hypertrophy, Allergic Rhinitis, and Otitis Media. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. 2021; 21 (7):1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Ciprandi; Maria Angela Tosca. 2021. "Turbinate Hypertrophy, Allergic Rhinitis, and Otitis Media." Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 21, no. 7: 1-5.
Matteo Gelardi; Rossana Giancaspro; Pietro Pecoraro; Michele Cassano. Nasal cytology in allergic rhinitis: Rare observation of pollen degranulation. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMatteo Gelardi, Rossana Giancaspro, Pietro Pecoraro, Michele Cassano. Nasal cytology in allergic rhinitis: Rare observation of pollen degranulation. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Gelardi; Rossana Giancaspro; Pietro Pecoraro; Michele Cassano. 2021. "Nasal cytology in allergic rhinitis: Rare observation of pollen degranulation." International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology , no. : 1.
In a laboratory setting, a sample of nasal mucus was viewed under phase-contrast microscopy at high magnification. A ferning pattern was observed.
Matteo Gelardi; Michele Cassano. Ferning in Nasal Mucus. New England Journal of Medicine 2021, 384, 2331 .
AMA StyleMatteo Gelardi, Michele Cassano. Ferning in Nasal Mucus. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021; 384 (24):2331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Gelardi; Michele Cassano. 2021. "Ferning in Nasal Mucus." New England Journal of Medicine 384, no. 24: 2331.
Because asthma is a disease that changes over time, the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology launched a nationwide study on asthma control (the ControL’Asma study). The intent was to test the hypothesis that children with asthma could present a different pattern compared to adolescents. In the study, we compared children with adolescents in a real-world setting by analyzing the asthma control grade and other asthma-related parameters. This cross-sectional real-world study included 471 asthmatic children (
Maria Angela Tosca; Angela Pistorio; Michela Silvestri; Gian Luigi Marseglia; Giorgio Ciprandi; “ControL’Asma” Study Group. The comparison between children and adolescents with asthma provided by the real-world “ControL’Asma” study. Journal of Asthma 2021, 1 -10.
AMA StyleMaria Angela Tosca, Angela Pistorio, Michela Silvestri, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Giorgio Ciprandi, “ControL’Asma” Study Group. The comparison between children and adolescents with asthma provided by the real-world “ControL’Asma” study. Journal of Asthma. 2021; ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Angela Tosca; Angela Pistorio; Michela Silvestri; Gian Luigi Marseglia; Giorgio Ciprandi; “ControL’Asma” Study Group. 2021. "The comparison between children and adolescents with asthma provided by the real-world “ControL’Asma” study." Journal of Asthma , no. : 1-10.
Severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), are heterogeneous diseases characterized by different mechanistic pathways (endotypes) and variable clinical presentations (phenotypes). This review provides the clinician with an overview of the prevalence and clinical impact of severe chronic upper and lower airways disease and suggests a novel therapeutic approach with biological agents with possible biomarkers. To select relevant literature for inclusion in this review, we conducted a literature search using the PubMed database, using terms ‘severe airways disease’ AND ‘endotype’ AND ‘treatment.’ The literature review was performed for publication years 2010–2020, restricting the articles to humans and English language publications. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought forth many challenges for patients with severe airway disease and healthcare practitioners involved in care. These patients could have an increased risk of developing severe SARS-CoV-2 disease, although treatment with biologics is not associated with a worse prognosis. Eosinopenia on hospital admission plays a key role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
Maria De Filippo; Martina Votto; Amelia Licari; Fabio Pagella; Marco Benazzo; Giorgio Ciprandi; Gian Luigi Marseglia. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting endotypes of severe airway disease. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 2021, 1 -14.
AMA StyleMaria De Filippo, Martina Votto, Amelia Licari, Fabio Pagella, Marco Benazzo, Giorgio Ciprandi, Gian Luigi Marseglia. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting endotypes of severe airway disease. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. 2021; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria De Filippo; Martina Votto; Amelia Licari; Fabio Pagella; Marco Benazzo; Giorgio Ciprandi; Gian Luigi Marseglia. 2021. "Novel therapeutic approaches targeting endotypes of severe airway disease." Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine , no. : 1-14.
Maria A. Tosca; Irene Schiavetti; Marzia Duse; G.L. Marseglia; Giorgio Ciprandi; Amelia Licari; Maddalena Leone; Maria Elisa Di Cicco; Sara Bozzetto; Valentina De Vittori; Maria Scavone; Doriana Amato; Carlo Capristo; Dora di Mauro; the Asthma Committee of the SIAIP. A Survey on the Management of Children with Asthma in Primary Care Setting in Italy. Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology 2021, 34, 39 -42.
AMA StyleMaria A. Tosca, Irene Schiavetti, Marzia Duse, G.L. Marseglia, Giorgio Ciprandi, Amelia Licari, Maddalena Leone, Maria Elisa Di Cicco, Sara Bozzetto, Valentina De Vittori, Maria Scavone, Doriana Amato, Carlo Capristo, Dora di Mauro, the Asthma Committee of the SIAIP. A Survey on the Management of Children with Asthma in Primary Care Setting in Italy. Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology. 2021; 34 (2):39-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria A. Tosca; Irene Schiavetti; Marzia Duse; G.L. Marseglia; Giorgio Ciprandi; Amelia Licari; Maddalena Leone; Maria Elisa Di Cicco; Sara Bozzetto; Valentina De Vittori; Maria Scavone; Doriana Amato; Carlo Capristo; Dora di Mauro; the Asthma Committee of the SIAIP. 2021. "A Survey on the Management of Children with Asthma in Primary Care Setting in Italy." Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology 34, no. 2: 39-42.
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) are potentially severe and complex disease in its management among the various allergic eye diseases. In this regard, studies clarified the etiopathogenetic mechanisms. The workup should be multidisciplinary. The treatment includes topical and systemic medications with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant activity. However, a definition of nationally- and internationally-shared diagnostic protocols would also be needed and validated access to therapeutic options of proven safety and efficacy to avoid the use of galenic preparations, up to now still essential in the management of moderate-severe VKC. Finally, recognizing VKC and AKC, among rare diseases, at a national and international level would be an essential step to allow the management of VKC with adequate timings and settings within the National Health System.
Daniele Giovanni Ghiglioni; Anna Maria Zicari; Giuseppe Fabio Parisi; Giuseppe Marchese; Cristiana Indolfi; Lucia Diaferio; Giulia Brindisi; Giorgio Ciprandi; Gian Luigi Marseglia; Michele Miraglia del Giudice. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: An update. European Journal of Ophthalmology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDaniele Giovanni Ghiglioni, Anna Maria Zicari, Giuseppe Fabio Parisi, Giuseppe Marchese, Cristiana Indolfi, Lucia Diaferio, Giulia Brindisi, Giorgio Ciprandi, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Michele Miraglia del Giudice. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: An update. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniele Giovanni Ghiglioni; Anna Maria Zicari; Giuseppe Fabio Parisi; Giuseppe Marchese; Cristiana Indolfi; Lucia Diaferio; Giulia Brindisi; Giorgio Ciprandi; Gian Luigi Marseglia; Michele Miraglia del Giudice. 2021. "Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: An update." European Journal of Ophthalmology , no. : 1.
Aim To document the decline in vaccination coverage in the first months of 2020 as an indirect effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We performed a literature review in medical databases. Overall, 143 articles were initially retrieved, out of which 48 were selected and included in the review. Results Our review retrieved similar data in many countries worldwide, and, globally, preliminary data from the first 4 months of 2020 indicate a decline in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis coverage, generally considered the marker of vaccination coverage across countries. World Health Organization recommends maintaining vaccination services, prioritising primary series vaccinations especially for measles-rubella or poliomyelitis, but it also lets each country decide whether to maintain the immunisation services evaluating the current epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases and the COVID-19 local transmission scenario. Successively, recovering of vaccinations should be planned. Moreover, during the pandemic, influenza vaccination should be promoted as a central public health measure. Conclusion Future challenges will be to maintain the vaccination programmes, especially in children younger than 2 years old and adolescents, to plan the recovery of vaccinations for subjects who postponed them during the lockdown, and to early identify any vaccine-preventable disease outbreak.
Elena Chiappini; Sara Parigi; Luisa Galli; Amelia Licari; Ilaria Brambilla; Maria Angela Tosca; Giorgio Ciprandi; Gianluigi Marseglia. Impact that the COVID‐19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccinations and challenges ahead: A narrative review. Acta Paediatrica 2021, 110, 2529 -2535.
AMA StyleElena Chiappini, Sara Parigi, Luisa Galli, Amelia Licari, Ilaria Brambilla, Maria Angela Tosca, Giorgio Ciprandi, Gianluigi Marseglia. Impact that the COVID‐19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccinations and challenges ahead: A narrative review. Acta Paediatrica. 2021; 110 (9):2529-2535.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Chiappini; Sara Parigi; Luisa Galli; Amelia Licari; Ilaria Brambilla; Maria Angela Tosca; Giorgio Ciprandi; Gianluigi Marseglia. 2021. "Impact that the COVID‐19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccinations and challenges ahead: A narrative review." Acta Paediatrica 110, no. 9: 2529-2535.
The aim of this article was to study the course of seasonal allergic rhinitis during COVID-19 lockdown in order to understand if being quarantined at home for a long time can constitute a protective factor for allergic patients. Telehealth consultations were performed by the departments of Otolaryngology of Foggia and Bari University Hospitals. Participants took part in a phone interview and were asked about their sinonasal symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown, by answering the sinonasal outcome test (I-SNOT-22) questionnaire. Further data concerning the medications used to treat allergy and the number of days per month in which they were used were collected. The responses about the COVID-19 lockdown were compared to those obtained by the same patients in our clinics the previous year. The statistical analysis was executed by using the paired sample t-test and the Bartlett test considering as significant values with p values <0.05. Forty patients affected by cypress pollen allergy visited at Foggia and Bari University Hospitals were enrolled in this study. All I-SNOT-22 scores concerning the COVID-19 lockdown were lower than those of the previous year; moreover, 18 (81.8%) clinical parameters were statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, in regard to the treatment, results about COVID-19 lockdown were overall better than those of 2019, with 50% (n=3) of the investigated drugs, reporting statistical significance (p<0.05). The present study was able to evidence the fundamental role of primary prevention in Allergology. Paradoxically, the home quarantine ordered by the Italian Government appeared to be an effective measure not only in the fight against COVID-19 but also against pollen exposure.
Matteo Gelardi; Eleonora Trecca; Francesca Fortunato; Lucia Iannuzzi; Gianluca Ronca; Nicola Quaranta; Michele Cassano. COVID-19 lockdown and seasonal allergic rhinitis: our experience in 40 patients. Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis 2021, 92, e2021215 -e2021215.
AMA StyleMatteo Gelardi, Eleonora Trecca, Francesca Fortunato, Lucia Iannuzzi, Gianluca Ronca, Nicola Quaranta, Michele Cassano. COVID-19 lockdown and seasonal allergic rhinitis: our experience in 40 patients. Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis. 2021; 92 (2):e2021215-e2021215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Gelardi; Eleonora Trecca; Francesca Fortunato; Lucia Iannuzzi; Gianluca Ronca; Nicola Quaranta; Michele Cassano. 2021. "COVID-19 lockdown and seasonal allergic rhinitis: our experience in 40 patients." Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis 92, no. 2: e2021215-e2021215.
The aim of this research was to review the articles published by the Otolaryngology (ORL) departments of the Italian University Hospitals in 2019 and in 2020 in order to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the academic production. PubMed and Scopus were searched for the articles published by the ORL departments of the Italian Universities in 2019 and in 2020. The main eligibility criteria were English-language articles, while there were no exclusion criteria related to topic. The articles were classified into seven domains corresponding to the main ORL subspecialties. There was an overall increase in the number of articles by the 42.2% in 2020. Publications pertaining Rhinology and Laryngology increased more significantly in 2020, respectively by the 50.5% and 72.2%. Additionally, there was an increase in the number of articles concerning topics of general interest, by the 95.2% in 2020. Also, the citation trends of the articles published by the Italian University Hospitals increased remarkably in 2020. These results evidenced an overall increase in the number of ORL articles. Although 2020 is going to be remembered as a year to forget, it should be acknowledged for being the "golden year of research".
Eleonora Trecca; Pier Gerardo Marano; Matteo Gelardi; Lazzaro Cassano; Giannandrea Francesco Verzicco; Aurelio D'Ecclesia; Michele Cassano; Francesco Longo. Is 2020 the golden year of Otolaryngology research? The impact of COVID-19 on the Italian academic production. Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis 2021, 92, e2021207 -e2021207.
AMA StyleEleonora Trecca, Pier Gerardo Marano, Matteo Gelardi, Lazzaro Cassano, Giannandrea Francesco Verzicco, Aurelio D'Ecclesia, Michele Cassano, Francesco Longo. Is 2020 the golden year of Otolaryngology research? The impact of COVID-19 on the Italian academic production. Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis. 2021; 92 (2):e2021207-e2021207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEleonora Trecca; Pier Gerardo Marano; Matteo Gelardi; Lazzaro Cassano; Giannandrea Francesco Verzicco; Aurelio D'Ecclesia; Michele Cassano; Francesco Longo. 2021. "Is 2020 the golden year of Otolaryngology research? The impact of COVID-19 on the Italian academic production." Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis 92, no. 2: e2021207-e2021207.
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a frequently occurring condition involving type 2 inflammation. It has a global prevalence of approximately 4% and has a major effect on the quality of life of those affected by it. CRSwNP is a complex condition for otorhinolaryngologists to manage, since its precise pathogenic basis has not been established, treatment is challenging and the condition often recurs. It is common to find abnormalities in smelling in those with CRSwNP. This cross-sectional study enrolled patients suffering from CRS. Three groups were compared: 1812 patients with CRS, 571 with CRSwNP, and 120 with CRSwNP treated by FESS. The Sniffin’ Sticks® olfactory test was used to measure olfactory function in all patients. Olfactory dysfunction was a common symptom in patients with CRS, ranging in frequency from 56 to 74%. In patients with CRSwNP, impairment of sense of smell affected 64% of subjects (42% with anosmia, 10% with hyposmia, and 12% with cacosmia). After surgery, there was a significant improvement in the ability to smell normally. The present study confirms that impairment of smell is a common symptom in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, mainly in subjects with nasal polyps. FESS reduces the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction.
Giulio Cesare Passali; Desiderio Passali; Cemal Cingi; Giorgio Ciprandi. Smell impairment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a real-life study. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 2021, 1 -5.
AMA StyleGiulio Cesare Passali, Desiderio Passali, Cemal Cingi, Giorgio Ciprandi. Smell impairment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a real-life study. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2021; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulio Cesare Passali; Desiderio Passali; Cemal Cingi; Giorgio Ciprandi. 2021. "Smell impairment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a real-life study." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology , no. : 1-5.
Giorgio Ciprandi; Maria Angela Tosca. Under-prescription of allergen-immunotherapy: why is it important to prescribe it in childhood instead? Immunotherapy 2021, 13, 359 -361.
AMA StyleGiorgio Ciprandi, Maria Angela Tosca. Under-prescription of allergen-immunotherapy: why is it important to prescribe it in childhood instead? Immunotherapy. 2021; 13 (5):359-361.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Ciprandi; Maria Angela Tosca. 2021. "Under-prescription of allergen-immunotherapy: why is it important to prescribe it in childhood instead?" Immunotherapy 13, no. 5: 359-361.
Francesco Maria Passali; Giulio Cesare Passali; Desiderio Passali; Giorgio Ciprandi. Smell impairment in patients with allergic rhinitis. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 2021, 11, 1031 -1032.
AMA StyleFrancesco Maria Passali, Giulio Cesare Passali, Desiderio Passali, Giorgio Ciprandi. Smell impairment in patients with allergic rhinitis. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. 2021; 11 (6):1031-1032.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Maria Passali; Giulio Cesare Passali; Desiderio Passali; Giorgio Ciprandi. 2021. "Smell impairment in patients with allergic rhinitis." International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 11, no. 6: 1031-1032.
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a common disorder. From a clinical and immunopathological point of view, different phenotypes and endotypes have been identified. As asthma is frequent comorbidity, biological agents for treating CRSwNP associated with asthma may be an attractive strategy. Biological agents have several mechanisms, such as antagonizing IgE, interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, and IL-13. However, a workup is mandatory, mainly concerning pheno-endotyping. In this regard, clinical cytological grading (CCG) has been proposed as a useful tool to manage patients with CRSwNP as it allows us to define clinical and immunopathological phenotypes able to identify the ideal candidate for biologics. In particular, the mixed cellular pattern, such as eosinophils and mast cells, could be sensitive to anti-IL-4 agents. There is still a need for well-established indications, criteria of responsiveness, duration, and safety. Moreover, personalized medicine could be opportunely integrated and/or alternated with intranasal corticosteroids to prevent relevant adverse events.
Giorgio Ciprandi; Matteo Gelardi. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: the role of personalized and integrated medicine. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleGiorgio Ciprandi, Matteo Gelardi. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: the role of personalized and integrated medicine. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Ciprandi; Matteo Gelardi. 2021. "Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: the role of personalized and integrated medicine." Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease , no. : 1.
To the Editor An elegant study reported dysmorphic cells and syncytia in the deceased's lungs for COVID-19. The authors reasonably considered that most of these syncytia-forming cells were pneumocytes, as identified by specific biomarkers. However, cellular dysmorphism and syncytia are pathological features common in other respiratory infections caused by different viruses, including the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as correctly documented...
Matteo Gelardi; Mario Notargiacomo; Eleonora Maria Consiglia Trecca; Michele Cassano; Giorgio Ciprandi. COVID-19: the difference between the nose and the lung. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2021, 91, 1 .
AMA StyleMatteo Gelardi, Mario Notargiacomo, Eleonora Maria Consiglia Trecca, Michele Cassano, Giorgio Ciprandi. COVID-19: the difference between the nose and the lung. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease. 2021; 91 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Gelardi; Mario Notargiacomo; Eleonora Maria Consiglia Trecca; Michele Cassano; Giorgio Ciprandi. 2021. "COVID-19: the difference between the nose and the lung." Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 91, no. 2: 1.
Matteo Gelardi; Giorgio Ciprandi; Michele Cassano. Alternaria alternata spores shuttled by Peltate trichomes of olive leaf: A mysterious nasal cytology feature. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2021, 49, 544 -545.
AMA StyleMatteo Gelardi, Giorgio Ciprandi, Michele Cassano. Alternaria alternata spores shuttled by Peltate trichomes of olive leaf: A mysterious nasal cytology feature. Diagnostic Cytopathology. 2021; 49 (4):544-545.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatteo Gelardi; Giorgio Ciprandi; Michele Cassano. 2021. "Alternaria alternata spores shuttled by Peltate trichomes of olive leaf: A mysterious nasal cytology feature." Diagnostic Cytopathology 49, no. 4: 544-545.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common IgE-mediated disease. House dust mites (HDMs)-sensitization is the main cause of AR. HDM-driven AR is characterized by a typical natural history consisting of possible progression to asthma. Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) is, at present, a unique treatment to modify the natural history of allergic diseases. Tablets AIT (TAIT) represents a new era in AIT. There is evidence that TAIT could prevent asthma in AR patients. The literature search methodology was based on the articles cited by PubMed from 1980 to 2020. AIT’s rationale is to restore an immunological and, consequently, clinical tolerance toward the causal allergen. The progression from rhinitis to asthma may be influenced by a relevant risk factor, such as the persistent type 2 inflammation of airways. HDMs are perennial allergens and allergen exposure is the condicio sine qua non to maintain inflammation. AIT could modify the progression toward asthma restoring physiologic immune response to the causal allergen and consequently dampening type 2 inflammation. Patients with HDM-driven AR are susceptible to develop asthma over time. Many studies explored this topic. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies identified some markers which predict the risk of developing asthma. They include bronchial airflow limitation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, type 2 inflammation, and rhinitis duration. TAIT could block this progression by acting on this vicious circle. Future studies should explore this issue using adequate methodology.
Giorgio Ciprandi; Maria Angela Tosca. House dust mites–driven allergic rhinitis: could its natural history be modified? Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 2021, 17, 109 -114.
AMA StyleGiorgio Ciprandi, Maria Angela Tosca. House dust mites–driven allergic rhinitis: could its natural history be modified? Expert Review of Clinical Immunology. 2021; 17 (2):109-114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiorgio Ciprandi; Maria Angela Tosca. 2021. "House dust mites–driven allergic rhinitis: could its natural history be modified?" Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 17, no. 2: 109-114.