Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent causes of death in Mexico, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. One alternative strategy for this metabolic abnormality is inhibiting the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates. We evaluated whether the aqueousCitrus limettapeel extract could inhibit the metabolism of carbohydrates. We found that this extract inhibited primarily the enzymeα-amylase by 49.6% at a concentration of 20 mg/mL and to a lesser extent the enzymeα-glucosidase with an inhibition of 28.2% at the same concentration. This inhibition is likely due to the high polyphenol content in theCitrus limettapeel (19.1 mg GAE/g). Antioxidant activity of theCitrus limettapeel demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant activity, varying from 6.5% at 1.125 mg/mL to 42.5% at 20 mg/mL. The study of these polyphenolic compounds having both antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities may provide a new approach to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria highlights the need for alternative membrane-active compounds with favorable safety profiles. β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a bicyclic sesquiterpene, has demonstrated antimicrobial effects; however, its biological responses in Gram-negative bacteria and associated membrane interactions remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, the growth inhibitory effect of BCP against E. coli ATCC 25922 was evaluated through OD595 growth kinetics, while hemocompatibility was assessed using sheep erythrocytes, and cannabidiol (CBD) was included as a comparative control. To investigate membrane-associated effects, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed using DPPE/DPPG (8:2) bilayers as a simplified phospholipid membrane model. BCP inhibited bacterial growth with an IC₅₀ of 0.83 mg/mL and exhibited low hemolytic activity (2.92% at 1 mg/mL). DSC analyses revealed concentration-dependent shifts in phase transition temperature and reductions in transition enthalpy (ΔH kJ/mol) 36% and 82% for BCP-5 and CBD-10 according to the control, indicating alterations in lipid organization and membrane thermotropic behavior. In contrast, CBD showed greater growth inhibitory potency (IC₅₀ of 0.042 mg/mL) but more pronounced disruption of membrane organization. Overall, these findings suggest that BCP exhibits moderate growth inhibition associated with membrane related effects and low hemolytic activity, providing insights into the relationship between physicochemical properties, membrane interactions, and biological responses.