Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major cause of morbidity and in-hospital mortality and requires rapid clinical assessment for diagnosis, risk stratification, and management. Several validated clinical prediction tools, including the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI), WELLS, PADUA, and IMPROVE scores, are commonly used to evaluate thromboembolic risk and predict clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on a cohort of 538 patients diagnosed with PE, all recruited between January 2020–December 2025. Group comparisons between survivors and non-survivors were performed using independent samples t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive performance of clinical scores. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Results: Mean age was 69 years, and overall death-rate was 18.4%. Significant differences between survivors and non-survivors were observed for age and clinical scores. White blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelet count, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), procalcitonin, and international normalized ratio (INR), were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. ROC curve analysis demonstrated predictive performance of the evaluated clinical scores. Logistic regression identified PESI score, procalcitonin levels, and white blood cell count as independent predictors of unfavorable outcome. mortality. Conclusions: Clinical risk scores and specific laboratory biomarkers were associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism. The PESI score, procalcitonin, and white blood cell count showed independent predictive value for death rate in this cohort.

The global prison population has expanded over recent decades, straining correctional systems and positioning detention facilities as critical, yet frequently overlooked, sites of health inequity. With an estimated 11.5 million people currently incarcerated worldwide, prisons have become pivotal settings for examining the convergence of clinical vulnerability, psychosocial adversity, and human rights concerns. The aim of this narrative review was to examine how clinical, psychosocial, and bioethical factors interact to shape the health of incarcerated populations and to address four questions: (i) what is the burden and distribution of disease in correctional settings; (ii) which psychosocial consequences of confinement are most consistently reported and through which mechanisms; (iii) what bioethical tensions arise in the delivery of prison healthcare; and (iv) how do these patterns manifest across global, European, and Romanian contexts? We conducted an integrative narrative review reported against the SANRA criteria, searching PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases, alongside institutional sources from the World Health Organization, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the Council of Europe, and national correctional authorities, and synthesizing the evidence thematically across the three domains. The evidence indicates that incarcerated populations experience increased rates of infectious disease, chronic illness, mental disorders, and substance use disorders, combined with overcrowding, resource-limited healthcare systems, and restricted access to preventive care. Psychosocial stressors are consistently associated with elevated risk of anxiety, depression, self-harm, and suicide. Ethical tensions persist between institutional security requirements and the obligation to protect the autonomy, dignity, and right to healthcare of people deprived of liberty, equivalent to that available in the community. The contribution of this review is to integrate three literatures that are usually examined separately, the epidemiological, the psychosocial, and the bioethical, into a single conceptual framework spanning three nested levels of analysis and to apply that framework to a Central and Eastern European system that is under-represented in the prison health literature. Because the majority of incarcerated individuals eventually return to their communities, improving prison health is not solely a correctional priority but a public health and social justice imperative; the policy implications set out here follow from the broader literature synthesized in this review rather than from outcomes demonstrated by the review itself.

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by variable biological behavior and clinical outcomes. Multiple therapeutic strategies have been investigated, including surgery, targeted therapies, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and systemic treatments. The present study aimed to summarize survival-related outcomes reported across studies investigating the management of pNETs. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted including studies reporting clinical outcomes in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. A total of 27 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Survival-related outcomes, such as progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and recurrence rates, were extracted. Studies reporting quantitative survival values were included in the meta-analytical component. A random-effects model was applied, and a forest plot was generated to summarize the reported outcomes. Results: Reported survival outcomes varied substantially across studies. Median PFS values ranged from approximately 5.6 to 86.5 months, while several surgical series reported 5-year overall survival rates exceeding 90%. Recurrence rates following surgical resection ranged from approximately 12% to 26% in some cohorts. The pooled estimate derived from the meta-analytical model was 32.22 (95% CI: 15.65–48.80). Conclusions: The analysis summarizes survival-related outcomes reported in studies investigating pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and provides a quantitative overview of the reported progression-related endpoints across the analyzed literature.