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Elisa F.D. Canetti
Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia

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Journal article
Published: 25 September 2020 in Sustainability
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Law enforcement is an intermittently physically demanding job, interspersed with long periods of sedentary activity. To prepare for the physical demands of the job, law enforcement agencies enlist recruits into academies with a focus on physical training. Often, academies focus on aerobic-based exercise despite anaerobic fitness being strongly correlated to occupational tasks. The objective of this article is to analyze the changes in the fitness of police recruits during academy training. Initial and final fitness test results, encompassing muscular power, strength, endurance as well as aerobic and anaerobic fitness, were measured to analyze changes in fitness. Dependent t-tests showed significant increases (p < 0.05) across all fitness tests, with a trend towards larger increases in aerobic and muscle-endurance-based tests. Recruits from this academy tended to have higher fitness results compared to other academies and were either average or below average compared to age-matched standards in the general population. Physical training should persist for recruits beyond the academy to continue to develop fitness throughout their career. Academies should add a focus on muscular strength and power training as these measures relate to occupational tasks, which may better prepare recruits for demands they will be expected to face in the field.

ACS Style

Danny Maupin; Ben Schram; Elisa Canetti; Jay Dawes; Robert Lockie; Robin Orr. Developing the Fitness of Law Enforcement Recruits during Academy Training. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7944 .

AMA Style

Danny Maupin, Ben Schram, Elisa Canetti, Jay Dawes, Robert Lockie, Robin Orr. Developing the Fitness of Law Enforcement Recruits during Academy Training. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7944.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danny Maupin; Ben Schram; Elisa Canetti; Jay Dawes; Robert Lockie; Robin Orr. 2020. "Developing the Fitness of Law Enforcement Recruits during Academy Training." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7944.

Preprint
Published: 01 September 2020
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Law enforcement is an intermittently physically demanding job, interspersed with long periods of sedentary activity. To prepare for the physical demands of the job, law enforcement agencies enlist recruits into academies with a focus on physical training. Often academies focus on aerobic based exercise despite anaerobic fitness being strongly correlated to occupational tasks. The objective of this article is to analyse the changes in fitness of police recruits during academy training. Initial and final fitness test results, encompassing muscular power, strength, endurance as well as aerobic and anaerobic fitness, were measured to analyse changes in fitness. Dependent t-tests showed significant increases (p < 0.05) across all fitness tests, with a trend towards larger increases in aerobic and muscle endurance-based tests. Recruits from this academy tended to have higher fitness results compared to other academies and were either average or below average compared to age matched standards in the general populations. Physical training should persist for recruits beyond the academy to continue develop fitness throughout their career. Academies should add a focus on muscular strength and power training as these measures relate to occupational tasks, which may better prepare recruits for demands they will be expected to face in the field.

ACS Style

Danny J. Maupin; Ben Schram; Elisa F.D. Canetti; Jay Dawes; Robert G. Lockie; Robin Orr. Developing the Fitness of Law Enforcement Recruits during Academy Training. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Danny J. Maupin, Ben Schram, Elisa F.D. Canetti, Jay Dawes, Robert G. Lockie, Robin Orr. Developing the Fitness of Law Enforcement Recruits during Academy Training. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danny J. Maupin; Ben Schram; Elisa F.D. Canetti; Jay Dawes; Robert G. Lockie; Robin Orr. 2020. "Developing the Fitness of Law Enforcement Recruits during Academy Training." , no. : 1.

Preprint
Published: 07 June 2020
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Purpose: To explore the influence of education and other factors on an athlete’s decision to return to sport post-concussion injury, and whether general risk-taking tendencies are related to return to sport post-concussion decisions in these athletes. Participants and Methods: A self-administered electronic survey was designed to examine their decision-making process when faced with scenario-based questions regarding returning to sport post-concussion injury. Students from the Health Sciences and Medicine Faculty at Bond University were invited to participate. Participants were allocated to a concussion education or non-education group prior to commencement of questionnaire via the random generator on Qualtrics software function. The risk propensity scale was used to assess the risk aversion of each participant. Results: Sixteen respondents were randomized evenly to education and non-education groups. Seven (43.8%) had previously received concussion education training prior to completing the questionnaire, with one (14%) choosing to return to sport in the scenario-based questions. The education group reported two (25%) respondents return to sport, while three (75%) respondents out of four returned to sport with no education or previous concussion training. Influential factors that impacted the decision whether to return to sport or not included: game importance, concussion severity and symptoms, and various internal and external factors. Finally, there was a divergence in results from the risk propensity scale when deciding to return to sport and general risk-taking propensities. Conclusion: This study identified several influential factors including game importance, concussion severity and symptoms which play a significant role in the return to sport decisions post-concussion injury.

ACS Style

Victoria Waterworth; Alexander Procyk; Elisa Canetti; Wayne Hing; Suzanne Gough. Why Risk It? Athletes' Return to Sport Decisions Following Concussion Injuries: A Pilot Study. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Victoria Waterworth, Alexander Procyk, Elisa Canetti, Wayne Hing, Suzanne Gough. Why Risk It? Athletes' Return to Sport Decisions Following Concussion Injuries: A Pilot Study. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Victoria Waterworth; Alexander Procyk; Elisa Canetti; Wayne Hing; Suzanne Gough. 2020. "Why Risk It? Athletes' Return to Sport Decisions Following Concussion Injuries: A Pilot Study." , no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 20 May 2020 in Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise
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Purpose To determine the relationship between metabolic fitness test scores and performance in police occupational tasks. Methods Retrospective data from 106 law enforcement officers who completed two metabolic fitness assessments [anaerobic: a 20-m (10-m and 20-m splits) sprint, aerobic: 20 m Multi-Stage Fitness Test (20 m-MSFT)] and three routine occupational tasks [1.22 m Fence jump (FJ), 8.5 m Victim Drag (VD with 102.3 kg) and “Get-up” (GU)] were collected. A Person’s correlation coefficient and a standard multiple regression were used to assess the relationship between and predictive ability of, respectively, the fitness tests scores and performance on occupational tasks. Results There was a significant positive correlation between the 10-m sprint scores and FJ (r = 0.524, P < 0.001), VD (r = 0.528, P < 0.001) and GU (r = 0.486, P < 0.001). Similarly, the 20-m sprint scores were significantly and moderately correlated with FJ (r = 0.573, P < 0.001), VD (r = 0.603, P < 0.001) and GU (r = 0.533, P < 0.001). These anaerobic tests’ scores predicted approximately 40% of the performance in the occupational tasks analysed. The MSFT fitness assessment had a small, albeit significant negative correlation with the three tasks: FJ (r = − 0.360, P < 0.001), VD (r = − 0.266, P = 0.012) and GU (r = − 0.375, P < 0.001). Conclusion High levels of metabolic fitness correlated with faster performance in police officer occupational tasks, particularly ones of an anaerobic nature (i.e. the maximal sprint tests). In addition to typical aerobic fitness conditioning, anaerobic fitness conditioning could be vital for optimal performance in physically demanding tasks required of police officer.

ACS Style

Elisa F. D. Canetti; J. Jay Dawes; Phoebe H. Drysdale; Robert Lockie; Charlie Kornhauser; Ryan Holmes; Ben Schram; Robin Orr. Relationship Between Metabolic Fitness and Performance in Police Occupational Tasks. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020, 3, 179 -185.

AMA Style

Elisa F. D. Canetti, J. Jay Dawes, Phoebe H. Drysdale, Robert Lockie, Charlie Kornhauser, Ryan Holmes, Ben Schram, Robin Orr. Relationship Between Metabolic Fitness and Performance in Police Occupational Tasks. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise. 2020; 3 (2):179-185.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisa F. D. Canetti; J. Jay Dawes; Phoebe H. Drysdale; Robert Lockie; Charlie Kornhauser; Ryan Holmes; Ben Schram; Robin Orr. 2020. "Relationship Between Metabolic Fitness and Performance in Police Occupational Tasks." Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 3, no. 2: 179-185.

Review
Published: 17 April 2020 in Applied Ergonomics
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This systematic review and meta-analysis identified and critically reviewed the findings of recent studies (last 15 years) examining relationships between specific physically demanding occupations or occupational tasks and development of lower limb osteoarthritis (OA). Twenty-eight studies with 266,227 cases of lower limb OA were included. Occupational tasks contributing to OA included farming, floor laying, and brick laying. Activities significantly contributing to the risk of knee OA were lifting heavy loads (>10 kg/week) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.29–1.79), squatting/kneeling (OR = 1.69, 95%CI 1.15–2.49), standing (>2 h/daily) (OR = 1.22 95%CI 1.02–1.46) and walking (OR = 1.40 95%CI 1.14–1.73). Lifting contributed significantly to the risk of hip OA (OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.16–1.57). The effects of occupational exposures appear to be magnified by previous injury and BMI >25 kg/m2. Since specific occupational activities increase OA risk, ergonomist should encourage the use of existing tools, or oversee the design of new tools that may decrease exposure to such activities.

ACS Style

Elisa F.D. Canetti; Ben Schram; Robin M. Orr; Joseph Knapik; Rodney Pope. Risk factors for development of lower limb osteoarthritis in physically demanding occupations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Applied Ergonomics 2020, 86, 103097 .

AMA Style

Elisa F.D. Canetti, Ben Schram, Robin M. Orr, Joseph Knapik, Rodney Pope. Risk factors for development of lower limb osteoarthritis in physically demanding occupations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Applied Ergonomics. 2020; 86 ():103097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisa F.D. Canetti; Ben Schram; Robin M. Orr; Joseph Knapik; Rodney Pope. 2020. "Risk factors for development of lower limb osteoarthritis in physically demanding occupations: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Applied Ergonomics 86, no. : 103097.

Review
Published: 01 February 2020 in Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine
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Purpose: Low injury rates have previously been correlated with sporting team success, highlighting the importance of injury prevention programs. Recent methods, such as acute:chronic workload ratios (ACWR) have been developed in an attempt to predict and manage injury risk; however, the relation between these methods and injury risk is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the key findings of studies that have investigated the relationship between ACWR and injury risk. Methods: Included studies were critically appraised using the Downs and Black checklist, and a level of evidence was determined. Relevant data were extracted, tabulated, and synthesized. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included for review and ranged in percentage quality scores from 48.2% to 64.3%. Almost perfect interrater agreement (κ = 0.885) existed between raters. This review found a high variability between studies with different variables studied (total distance versus high speed running), as well as differences between ratios analyzed (1.50– 1.80 versus ≥ 1.50), and reference groups (a reference group of 0.80– 1.20 versus ≤ 0.85). Conclusion: Considering the high variability, it appears that utilizing ACWR for external (eg, total distance) and internal (eg, heart rate) loads may be related to injury risk. Calculating ACWR using exponentially weighted moving averages may potentially result in a more sensitive measure. There also appears to be a trend towards the ratios of 0.80– 1.30 demonstrating the lowest risk of injury. However, there may be issues with the ACWR method that must be addressed before it is confidently used to mitigate injury risk. Utilizing standardized approaches will allow for more objective conclusions to be drawn across multiple populations.

ACS Style

Danny Maupin; Ben Schram; Elisa Canetti; Robin Orr. The Relationship Between Acute: Chronic Workload Ratios and Injury Risk in Sports: A Systematic Review. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 2020, ume 11, 51 -75.

AMA Style

Danny Maupin, Ben Schram, Elisa Canetti, Robin Orr. The Relationship Between Acute: Chronic Workload Ratios and Injury Risk in Sports: A Systematic Review. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020; ume 11 ():51-75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danny Maupin; Ben Schram; Elisa Canetti; Robin Orr. 2020. "The Relationship Between Acute: Chronic Workload Ratios and Injury Risk in Sports: A Systematic Review." Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine ume 11, no. : 51-75.

Review
Published: 11 December 2019 in Journal of Occupational Health
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Objectives Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disorder which affects the joints. As relationships between occupational factors and lower limb OA have been widely studied in systematic reviews, the aim of this umbrella review was to synthesize their key findings in the risk factors for development of lower limb OA. Methods A systematic search was conducted using the databases PUBMED, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Elton B Stevens Company to identify reviews examining associations between lower limb OA and occupational tasks. These reviews were rated for their methodological quality before key data were extracted and synthesized. Results Sixteen reviews were found, seven pertained to the knee, four to the hip, two to a variety of joints, and three to both the hip and knee. One was deemed to be of high methodological quality, one of critically low methodological quality, and the others of moderate methodological quality. The reviews found moderate to good evidence for heavy occupational lifting to be associated with an increased risk of OA at the knee and the hip. Kneeling, squatting, and climbing, previous injuries to joints, being overweight and obese were also predictive of lower limb OA. Conclusion Occupations which involve heavy physical workloads increase the risk of developing lower limb OA. Heavy lifting, squatting, knee bending, kneeling, and climbing may all increase the risk of developing OA in both the knees and hips. Efforts to reduce exposure to these tasks, reducing joint injuries, optimizing bodyweight may reduce the risks of lower limb OA for occupations which are physically demanding.

ACS Style

Ben Schram; Robin Orr; Rodney Pope; Elisa Canetti; Joseph Knapik. Risk factors for development of lower limb osteoarthritis in physically demanding occupations: A narrative umbrella review. Journal of Occupational Health 2019, 62, 1 .

AMA Style

Ben Schram, Robin Orr, Rodney Pope, Elisa Canetti, Joseph Knapik. Risk factors for development of lower limb osteoarthritis in physically demanding occupations: A narrative umbrella review. Journal of Occupational Health. 2019; 62 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ben Schram; Robin Orr; Rodney Pope; Elisa Canetti; Joseph Knapik. 2019. "Risk factors for development of lower limb osteoarthritis in physically demanding occupations: A narrative umbrella review." Journal of Occupational Health 62, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2019 in Sports
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The recent addition of surfing to the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games has fueled a surge in commercial and research interest in understanding the physiological demands of the sport. However, studies specific to maximal aerobic testing of surfers are scarce. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to compare two commercially available swim bench (SWB) ergometers in the determination of maximal aerobic capacity in recreational surfers. A secondary aim was to correlate (independent of one another) the two ergometer findings of VO2peak to the time taken to complete a water-based 400-m paddle test. This cross-sectional study consisted of 17 recreational surfers aged between 18–58 years. Participants were randomized to either the SwimFast ergometer or VASA ergometer and tested for maximal aerobic capacity, followed by a 400-m paddle test. There were no significant differences between the two SWB ergometers in the determination of relative VO2peak (mean difference 0.33 mL/kg/min; 95% CI −1.24–1.90; p = 0.66). Correlations between VO2peak obtained from maximal paddling effort on the SwimFast and the VASA and the 400-m paddle test (total time (s)) showed a negative significant correlation r = −0.819, p = 0.024; r = −0.818, p = 0.024, respectively. Results suggest that either ergometer (SwimFast or VASA) can be used to determine peak aerobic capacity within a recreational surfing cohort. The significant correlation of the two SWB ergometers and the 400-m paddle test suggest that the 400-m paddle test may be a suitable field-based method of determining aerobic capability. Collectively, these preliminary findings provide initial evidence for similarities in VO2peak on two commercial ergometers and their correlations with a field-based test. However, further research is needed with a larger sample size and inclusive of competitive surfers to provide robust findings which can be generalized to the surfing population.

ACS Style

James Furness; Linley Bertacchini; Lisa Hicklen; Dane Monaghan; Elisa Canetti; Mike Climstein. A Comparison of Two Commercial Swim Bench Ergometers in Determining Maximal Aerobic Power and Correlation to a Paddle Test in a Recreational Surfing Cohort. Sports 2019, 7, 234 .

AMA Style

James Furness, Linley Bertacchini, Lisa Hicklen, Dane Monaghan, Elisa Canetti, Mike Climstein. A Comparison of Two Commercial Swim Bench Ergometers in Determining Maximal Aerobic Power and Correlation to a Paddle Test in a Recreational Surfing Cohort. Sports. 2019; 7 (11):234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James Furness; Linley Bertacchini; Lisa Hicklen; Dane Monaghan; Elisa Canetti; Mike Climstein. 2019. "A Comparison of Two Commercial Swim Bench Ergometers in Determining Maximal Aerobic Power and Correlation to a Paddle Test in a Recreational Surfing Cohort." Sports 7, no. 11: 234.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2019 in Safety
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Firefighter clothing is known to restrict movement and increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury. The aim of this study was to investigate differences between clothing variations and firefighter mobility. Data were collected from eight firefighters using a randomized counterbalanced, repeated measures, design. Three different clothing variants (V1–V3) in addition to current station wear (S) were trialed. Combinations of S and V1 (SV1) and V2 (SV2) were also trialed. Outcome measures included: standing reach height; the Functional Movement Screen [FMS]; vertical jump; a visual analogue scale [VAS] for the FMS, vertical jump, step ups and crawl; and a mannequin sketch to mark areas of discomfort. V3 was preferred over S in all tasks and performed better both objectively (FMS and vertical jump) and subjectively (VAS scores). While V1 was typically associated with poorer performance, the impacts of V1 and V2 when compared to each other and S varied depending on the tasks performed. This variation was greater when V1 or V2 were worn with S (SV1 and SV2). Areas of discomfort across all variations was the knees, followed by the thighs. Clothing that has the least impact on, or improves, mobility (especially around the lower limbs) may help reduce firefighter injury and limit subjective discomfort.

ACS Style

Robin Orr; Vini Simas; Elisa F. D. Canetti; Daniel Maupin; Ben Schram. Impact of Various Clothing Variations on Firefighter Mobility: A Pilot Study. Safety 2019, 5, 78 .

AMA Style

Robin Orr, Vini Simas, Elisa F. D. Canetti, Daniel Maupin, Ben Schram. Impact of Various Clothing Variations on Firefighter Mobility: A Pilot Study. Safety. 2019; 5 (4):78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robin Orr; Vini Simas; Elisa F. D. Canetti; Daniel Maupin; Ben Schram. 2019. "Impact of Various Clothing Variations on Firefighter Mobility: A Pilot Study." Safety 5, no. 4: 78.

Review
Published: 16 October 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Firefighters, along with other tactical personnel, are at a high risk of work-related physical injury above that of the private sector. The aim of this critical narrative review was to identify, critically appraise and synthesise key findings from recent literature investigating firefighting musculoskeletal injuries to inform injury reduction programs. The methodological approach (search terms, databases, etc.) was registered with PROSPERO and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist with scores graded according to the Kennelly grading system. Levels of evidence were ranked according to the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. Of the 8231 studies identified, 17 met the criteria for inclusion. The methodological quality of the studies was ‘fair’ with a level of evidence of III-2. Reported injury rates ranged from 9% to 74% with the lower extremities and back the leading aggregated bodily sites of injury. Sprains and strains were the leading nature of musculoskeletal injury, often caused by slips, trips and falls, although muscle bending, lifting and squatting or muscle stressing were also prevalent. This review may inform injury reduction strategies and given that injuries reported in firefighters are similar to those of other tactical populations, safety processes to mitigate injuries may be of benefit across the tactical spectrum.

ACS Style

Robin Orr; Vinicius Simas; Elisa Canetti; Ben Schram. A Profile of Injuries Sustained by Firefighters: A Critical Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3931 .

AMA Style

Robin Orr, Vinicius Simas, Elisa Canetti, Ben Schram. A Profile of Injuries Sustained by Firefighters: A Critical Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (20):3931.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robin Orr; Vinicius Simas; Elisa Canetti; Ben Schram. 2019. "A Profile of Injuries Sustained by Firefighters: A Critical Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20: 3931.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Entry to specialist police tactical teams is governed by performance on a physically intense and psychologically demanding selection course. The aim of this study was to determine the attributes associated with completion of a specialist police selection course. Data pertaining to 18 candidates was obtained including 1 min push-ups, loaded pull-ups, loaded 30 m crawl, agility run, 1.2 km run and multi-stage fitness assessment. Comparisons from those who did and did not complete the selection week were performed and a hierarchical multiple regression performed. Eleven candidates finished, with significant difference found in those who completed the course in push-ups (+9.1 reps), loaded pull-ups (+2.9 reps), 1.2 km run (−16 s), loaded crawl (−6.3 s), agility (−0.67 s) and VO2max (+4.8 mL/kg/min). In combination, the fitness assessments pull-ups, 30 m loaded crawl and agility time were found to predict 70% of the variability in course completion (adjusted R2 = 0.70, F (3,14) = 14.373, p = 0.001). When assessed independently, push-ups, 1.2 km run and VO2max results only predicted a non-significant 0.02%, 0.29% and 0.12%, respectively, of course completion. Completion was influenced by aerobic fitness, upper limb strength and endurance and agility. These variables appear to be predictive of course success.

ACS Style

Jeremy Robinson; Ben Schram; Elisa Canetti; Robin Orr. Do Barrier Test Results Predict Survival in Specialist Police Tactical Selection Courses? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3319 .

AMA Style

Jeremy Robinson, Ben Schram, Elisa Canetti, Robin Orr. Do Barrier Test Results Predict Survival in Specialist Police Tactical Selection Courses? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (18):3319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeremy Robinson; Ben Schram; Elisa Canetti; Robin Orr. 2019. "Do Barrier Test Results Predict Survival in Specialist Police Tactical Selection Courses?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18: 3319.

Review
Published: 19 December 2018 in Antioxidants
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive pathological remodeling of the arteries and one of its hallmarks is the presence of chronic inflammation. Notably, there is an increased proportion and activation state of specific monocyte subsets in systemic blood circulation. Monocyte subsets have distinct contributions to the formation, progression, and destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque. Strong clinical and epidemiological studies show that regular aerobic exercise mitigates the progression of cardiovascular disease. In fact, aerobic fitness is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular mortality in adults, independent of traditional risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Acute bouts and chronic exercise training modulate monocyte behavior, ranging from their recruitment from the bone marrow or marginal pool, to tissue margination and functional changes in cytokine and chemokine production. Such modulation could reflect a potential mechanism for the cardio-protective effect of exercise on atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of monocyte subsets and highlights what is known about their responses to exercise.

ACS Style

Ning Hong Aw; Elisa Canetti; Katsuhiko Suzuki; Jorming Goh. Monocyte Subsets in Atherosclerosis and Modification with Exercise in Humans. Antioxidants 2018, 7, 196 .

AMA Style

Ning Hong Aw, Elisa Canetti, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Jorming Goh. Monocyte Subsets in Atherosclerosis and Modification with Exercise in Humans. Antioxidants. 2018; 7 (12):196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ning Hong Aw; Elisa Canetti; Katsuhiko Suzuki; Jorming Goh. 2018. "Monocyte Subsets in Atherosclerosis and Modification with Exercise in Humans." Antioxidants 7, no. 12: 196.

Article
Published: 19 January 2017 in Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis
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Nicotinic acid and nonivamide are often applied topically during capillary blood collection to induce vasodilation. These molecules may have an influence on immune effector cell activity in nearby tissues. This study investigates whether the induction of flushing by nicotinic acid and nonivamide causes an inflammatory response that influences the composition of immune cells present in a capillary blood sample. Females aged between 18 and 30 years old provided capillary blood samples. Experimental samples were taken from an earlobe treated with nicotinic acid and nonivamide with controls obtained from the untreated earlobe. Immunophenotypic analyses were conducted using polychromatic flow cytometry to determine whether any changes occurred in leucocyte subpopulations (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56, and CD14) and granulocytic functional-related surface antigen markers (CD11b, CD18, CD16b, and CD66b). No significant differences were observed between experimental and control samples in the mean percent of parent for the lymphocyte, monocyte, or granulocyte subpopulations, or in the median fluorescence intensity of particular surface markers expressed on these leucocytes. The topical application of nicotinic acid and nonivamide is a possible method to improve capillary blood collection for immunological assessments. The use of these agents may increase the safety and compliance of patients who suffer from needle phobia or are unable to provide venous blood samples.

ACS Style

Christian Moro; Jessica Bass; Anna Mae Scott; Elisa F.D. Canetti. Enhancing capillary blood collection: The influence of nicotinic acid and nonivamide. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 2017, 31, e22142 .

AMA Style

Christian Moro, Jessica Bass, Anna Mae Scott, Elisa F.D. Canetti. Enhancing capillary blood collection: The influence of nicotinic acid and nonivamide. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis. 2017; 31 (6):e22142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Moro; Jessica Bass; Anna Mae Scott; Elisa F.D. Canetti. 2017. "Enhancing capillary blood collection: The influence of nicotinic acid and nonivamide." Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 31, no. 6: e22142.

Comparative study
Published: 15 June 2016 in Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
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Compare capillary and venous blood in the analysis of concentration and function of leucocyte sub-populations. This study hypothesised that capillary samples may be used in a site-specific manner as an alternative source of blood samples for assays of leucocyte concentration and neutrophilic phagocytic function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, allowing acquisition of multiple samples to better monitor transient but significant post-exercise immune modulation. Resting blood samples were simultaneously obtained from vein, finger and earlobe of healthy subjects (n = 10, age: 25.1 ± 3.1 years). Leucocyte concentrations were measured using a five-part differential haematological analyser. Leucocyte sub-populations (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56, CD14) and granulocytic functional-related (CD11b, CD18, CD16b, CD66b) surface antigen markers, neutrophil phagocytosis (FITC-labelled Escherichia coli) and stimulated ROS production (DHR) were quantified utilizing flow cytometry. A MANOVA (α < 0.05 significance) analysed the effects of the different sampling sites in the concentrations of leucocyte populations, their surface antigen expression and granulocytic functions. Leucocyte concentration and neutrophilic ROS production yielded non-significant differences between sampling sites. Expression of granulocytic surface antigens was increased in both capillary sites compared to venous site (p = 0.008), particularly for adhesion markers CD11b/CD18. The percentage of neutrophils performing phagocytosis was higher in venous samples compared to finger (p = 0.025). Increased number of E. coli ingested was observed in venous sample compared to finger (p = 0.001) and to earlobe (p = 0.006). Whilst attention must be paid for varying neutrophilic surface antigen expression and further studies are needed to establish appropriate reference ranges, this study supports the use of capillary blood samples in a site-specific manner to enhance sampling capabilities field-based research.

ACS Style

Elisa F. D. Canetti; James Keane; C. P. McLellan; A. B. Gray. Comparison of capillary and venous blood in the analysis of concentration and function of leucocyte sub-populations. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2016, 116, 1583 -1593.

AMA Style

Elisa F. D. Canetti, James Keane, C. P. McLellan, A. B. Gray. Comparison of capillary and venous blood in the analysis of concentration and function of leucocyte sub-populations. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2016; 116 (8):1583-1593.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisa F. D. Canetti; James Keane; C. P. McLellan; A. B. Gray. 2016. "Comparison of capillary and venous blood in the analysis of concentration and function of leucocyte sub-populations." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 116, no. 8: 1583-1593.