Argumentation skills are an important practice in science in the 21st century to develop analytic skills and engage in arguments that can construct scientific explanations, develop critical thinking skills and evaluate alternatives. Science learning with guided inquiry model is able to facilitate students in learning to argue. However, good learning must be supported by good teaching materials. So the purpose of this research is to develop junior high school science teaching materials to improve students’ argumentation skills. This research uses the Research and Development (R & D) method which was adapted from Borg & Gall. The parameters used to determine the quality of teaching materials developed are validity and practicality. The validity and practicality of the teaching materials developed were analyzed using Aiken’s V. The results of the feasibility test based on the results of expert validation were obtained by Aiken’s V of 0.75 with valid criteria, while the practicality test results based on teacher and student responses obtained Aiken’s V scores in a row 0.84 (very practical) and 0.80 (practical). In addition, the developed teaching material includes indicators to promoting students’ argumentation skills such as claims, evidence, reasoning, and rebuttal. In conclusion, the teaching materials developed includes the criteria for developing quality products that are valid and practical.

Kaempferia galanga L is a tropical plant that grows in many areas in Indonesia known as medicinal plants and herbal ingredients by the community. There are many secondary metabolite compounds in K. galanga such as ethyl cinnamic, paraffin, borneol, p-methoxystyrene and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate. The ethyl p-methoxycinnamate compound is known to be the major compound in K. galanga and is widely used in the cosmetic and anti-fungal. Many benefits of the ethyl p-methoxycinnamate compound make the need for this compound constantly increasing and the need for an isolation method that can produce this compound in large quantities. The isolation method used in this research is the soxhletation method using ethanol solvent and recrystallization using n-hexane solvent. Samples of K. galanga were used as much as 50 gram and obtained crystalline ethyl p-methoxycinnamate as much as 0.49 gram with percentage of rendement as much 0.98%. The resulting crystalline ethyl p-methoxycinnamate has been identified using UV-vis spectroscopy, IR and H-NMR.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemetaan terhadap aktivitas praktikum IPA di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) di Kota Mataram diantaranya adalah identifikasi tingkat motivasi guru-guru IPA SMP Negeri di Kota Mataram dalam melakukan kegiatan praktikum IPA, data pelaksanaan praktikum yang telah berlangsung dengan mengobservasi kendala yang ada termasuk kondisi sarana prasarana penunjang praktikum IPA di SMP di Kota Mataram. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey dengan menggunakan metode fishbone diagram (diagram tulang ikan). Pengumpulan data pada survey dijaring menggunakan angket/kuisioner dan wawancara. Jenis kuisioner pada penelitian ini adalah kuisioer tertutup dengan rating scale. populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 24 sekolah negeri. Penentuan sampel dilakukan secara random sehingga diperoleh sampel guru IPA sebanyak 15 sampel. Sampel diberikan tiga jenis angket yaitu angket motivasi praktikum, angket pelaksanaan praktikum, dan angket sarana prasarana penunjang praktikum. Motivasi guru IPA dalam melakukan kegitan praktikum termasuk kategori sedang dengan rata-rata sebesar 64 yang terbagi dalam 13.3% motivasi tinggi dan 86.7% motivasi sedang. Pelaksanaan praktikum IPA tergolong baik yaitu sebesar 80.3%. Adapun ketersediaan saran prasarana penunjang praktikum tergolong sangat baik yaitu sebesar 94.2% tersedia. Akan tetapi, berdasarkan hasil hasil uji regresi linear dengan nilai signifikansi 0.355 lebih besar dari 0.05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa motivasi praktium, pelaksanaan praktikum, dan ketersediaan sarana prasarana tidak saling berhubungan.

This research was aimed to identify some classes of secondary metabolite compound on the fractionation results of green bean extract (P. vulgaris L.) using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) method. Green bean was extracted by methanol solvent. Fractionation of methanol extract used Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) with some variation of eluents such as n-hexane 100%; n-hexane: ethyl acetate (9 : 1 to 1 : 9); and ethyl acetate 100%, produced 11 major fractions. Based on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis using DCM: MeOH (9.5: 0.5) as mobile phases, these 11 major fractions were classified based on their polarity such as non-polar, semi-polar and polar fraction. The results of identification by GC-MS spectrometer showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as monoterpenes in non-polar fraction; in semi-polar fraction was found terpenoids and steroids; in polar fraction was found monoterpenes, phenolic and steroid as the lowest percent area, that is less than 2%. Keyword: P.vulgaris L extract, fractionation, VLC, GC-MS