Background: Gender determination is crucial in forensic odontology, particularly during mass disasters where unknown craniofacial fragments are the only source of information. Aim: To determine sexual dimorphism by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT; 3D) analysis of mental foramen among the North Indian population. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty CBCT scans were analyzed to assess the position of the mental foramen. The distance from the superior border of the mental foramen to the lower border of the mandible (SLM) and the distance from the lower border of the mental foramen to the lower border of the mandible (ILM), along with the thickness of the lower border of the mandible, were recorded, tabulated, and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean distance of the right SLM among male and female subjects was 16.03 ± 1.91 mm and 15.35 ± 1.39 mm, respectively. The measurements for the left SLM were 15.83 ± 1.66 mm in males and 14.49 ± 1.70 mm in females. Similarly, for the right ILM, the mean distance was measured as 13.04 ± 1.86 mm in males and 12.05 ± 1.20 mm in females, and for the left ILM, the mean distance was 12.74 ± 1.46 mm in males and 11.87 ± 1.53 mm in females. There was a statistically significant difference between the genders and the sides of SLM and ILM. Conclusion: The distances from the mental foramen to the lower border of the mandible exhibit sexual dimorphism and can be used to predict gender in the North Indian population.

Horizontal condylar guidance angles obtained using two different methods: the clinical protrusive interocclusal record method and the radiographic method using CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography). The key issue is the observed significant differences in the condylar guidance angles measured by the clinical method and those measured radiographically, with the radiographic measurements being consistently higher than the clinical ones. A total of 25 completely edentulous individuals were included, with condylar guidance angles measured clinically using the protrusive interocclusal record method and radiographically through CBCT in two formats. Results showed significant differences in the angles between the methods, with radiographic measurements being higher than clinical values. Strong correlations were observed between the clinical process and the CBCT panoramic and cross sectional views. The study concludes that CBCT measurements provide more precise condylar guidance angles than the protrusive interocclusal record method.

Background: Dental caries detection using intraoral radiographs is essential for early diagnosis but may be affected by observer variability. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems have emerged as potential tools to improve diagnostic consistency. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a deep learning-based AI system (Better Diagnostics Caries Assist (BDCA) Version 1.0) for detecting dental caries on bitewing (BW) and intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiographs, and examined its performance across demographic, technical, and lesion-based subgroups. Methods: A retrospective validation study was conducted using anonymized digital BW and IOPA radiographs with expert-defined ground truth at the tooth-surface level. The AI software independently analyzed each image to identify carious lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Generalized estimating equations were applied to adjust for the clustering of multiple surfaces per image. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex, digital sensor type, and lesion category. Results: The AI system demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for both modalities. For BW radiographs, sensitivity was 0.892 and specificity was 0.995, while for IOPA radiographs sensitivity was 0.882 and specificity was 0.991. NPVs exceeded 0.99 for both modalities. Across age groups, BW sensitivity ranged from 0.881 to 0.901 and IOPA sensitivity from 0.854 to 0.906, with consistently high specificity (>0.989). Sex-based differences were minimal. Sensor-wise analysis showed sensitivity ranging from 0.833 to 0.933 for BW and 0.828 to 0.933 for IOPA, while specificity remained above 0.984 for all sensors. Detection performance was comparable for primary (sensitivity 0.883) and secondary caries (0.879), although PPV was slightly lower for secondary lesions. The lower AUC indicated reduced accuracy in lesion identification in the absence of BDCA v 1.0, the difference between BDCA v1.0 and Ground truth was 0.042 at 95% CI 0.030 to 0.055, and the difference was also statistically significant with (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: The evaluated AI system demonstrated excellent and consistent performance for detecting dental caries on both BW and IOPA radiographs across demographic groups, sensor technologies, and lesion types, supporting its potential role as a reliable decision support tool in dental radiographic interpretation.

Ega-3 fatty acids in addition to the carbamazepine were assessed. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the neuralgic pain along with carbamazepine in treating neuralgic pain. Materials and Methods: The present study was undertaken on 114 patients with TN pain. The patients were divided in two groups. The group I consisted of patients who were on carbamazepine only, and group II comprised patients who were on carbamazepine and omega-3 fatty acids. The pain was assessed using Brief Pain Inventory questionnaire, which is the most widely used questionnaire for chronic pain. The patients were evaluated on the day of reporting and on subsequent follow-up at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 15 weeks interval. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis to assess the additional benefits of omega-3 fatty acids in TN pain. Results: The results obtained showed that the intensity of pain reduction and life quality was better in patients receiving carbamazepine and omega-3 fatty acids by the end of the 15th week compared to the patients receiving carbamazepine alone. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the reduction in neuropathic pain on long-term usage of omega-3 fatty acids, signifying that omega-3 fatty acids may offer better relief in neuralgic pain....