This paper investigates the issue of measuring knowledge diffusion efficiency in R&D network based on the weighted network method. For the reality of R&D networks, we integrate the node and tie weights to build a weighted R&D network model. On the basis of the weighted R&D network, the multiple factors of knowledge diffusion efficiency are analyzed, and then a novel measurement method is proposed by comprehensively embodying these factors. Furthermore, an extended application of the measurement method is proposed to identify the important members of R&D network. An example of weighted Braess network and a real-world case are employed to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed measurement method can more efficiently and accurately measure the knowledge diffusion efficiency of R&D networks than the traditional methods, and its application can effectively identify the important members with great influence on knowledge diffusion.

This paper studies the optimization of cold chain integrated inventory routing problem while considering carbon emissions. First, the carbon footprint in inventory and transportation process for cold chain logistics is accurately identified and quantified. Secondly, based on the carbon regulations, which are carbon cap, carbon cap and offset, carbon cap and trade, and carbon tax regulations, four green cold chain inventory routing optimization models that minimize the total cost are constructed, respectively. Subsequently, a genetic simulated annealing algorithm (GASA) is developed in order to efficiently solve the models, which combines the advantages of the two algorithms. The effectiveness of the algorithm and the models is verified by numerical comparison experiments. Further, a set of numerical experiments is conducted to examine in detail the effectiveness of each regulation with the change of cap, carbon price, and unit fuel price in order to investigate the difference of these regulations’ impacts on the cold chain logistics. The research results show that (a) the cap and price plays a relatively important role, for their value setting may even lead to the invalidation of the regulations and the development of the enterprises; (b) carbon cap and carbon tax regulations are more powerful when compared to the other two regulations, which reduce more carbon emissions, but also pose more challenge to the enterprises’ economic development; (c) overall, cap and trade regulation is better than cap and offset regulation, because, when the cap is not sufficient, the two regulations are almost as good, but when the cap is sufficient, the offset policy is invalid; and, (d) unlike the traditional logistics, the increase of unit fuel price will not reduce carbon emissions. Several practical managerial implications for government and enterprises are also provided based on research results.

Effective knowledge dissemination plays a vital role for the success of knowledge-based organizations (KBO). From the view of the micro knowledge exchange among individuals, this paper aims to study the process and rules of knowledge dissemination within KBO. First, consulting the SEIR epidemic propagation, this paper divides the individuals into different knowledge statuses, and depicts the process of knowledge dissemination employing the thought of epidemic spread. Considering the influence of individual heterogeneity on knowledge dissemination, this paper develops a heterogeneous cellular automata method to build the knowledge dissemination model. Through simulation of the proposed model, we study the impacts of the proportion of initial knowledge disseminators, the distribution pattern of initial knowledge disseminator and knowledge accessibility among individuals on knowledge dissemination. The results reveal some valuable management enlightenments about how to improve the knowledge dissemination performance in KBO, which are helpful to the managers and decision makers to effectively carry out knowledge management.