Cervical cancer causes an estimated 266,000 deaths globally, 85% of which occurs in developing countries. It is a preventable disease, if detected and treated early via screen and treat, yet its burden is still huge in Nigeria. In 2012, 21.8% cases and 20.3% deaths due to cervical cancer were recorded in Nigeria. This review, therefore, aims at understanding the determinants of low cervical cancer screening in Nigeria in order to contribute in reducing the burden of the disease. Literature were obtained from Global Health, Popline and PubMed databases; WHO and other relevant websites using Eldis search engine; and from libraries in the University of Leeds and WHO in Geneva. Conceptual framework for analyzing the determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among Nigerian women was formed by inserting service delivery component of the WHO health system framework into a modified Health Belief Model. Wrong perception of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening due to low level of knowledge about the disease and inadequate cervical cancer preventive were identified as the major determinants of low cervical cancer screening uptake in Nigeria. Among women, belief in being at risk and/or severity of cervical cancer was low just as belief on benefits of cervical cancer screening, unlike high belief in barriers to screening. Support from the community and screening skills among health-workers were inadequate. Improving uptake of cervical cancer screening will reduce the burden of the disease. Therefore, researchers and other stakeholders interested in prevention of cervical cancer should carry-out studies to identify interventions that could address the key determinants of low cervical cancer screening among Nigerian women.

Infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and fungi continue to pose significant challenges globally, with transmission routes including person-to-person contact, animal vectors, and environmental exposure. Despite global efforts to control these diseases, limited studies and resource constraints in Ore, Nigeria, have led to increasing prevalence, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions. This study aimed to determine the distribution of infectious diseases among patients attending General Hospital Ore, Odigbo, Nigeria. Serum samples from consenting patients were assayed for the presence of malaria parasites, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Salmonella infection, Helicobacter pylori infection, high vaginal swab (HVS) results, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). The subjects included 1900 males (38.8%) and 3000 females (61.2%). The overall prevalence rates were as follows: HIV (40%), malaria (35%), typhoid (37.5%), HBsAg (20%), H. pylori (6.3%), HVS (45%), and UTIs (10%). The high rates of infectious diseases observed in this study, compared to rates reported elsewhere, suggest the need to strengthen public health measures and infection prevention strategies in the area. In addition, routine screening for these diseases and early passive or active immunization for vaccine-preventable diseases are essential to further reduce the burden of these infections.