Against the background of green campus development and building decarbonization, photovoltaic (PV) systems in university research buildings involve not only energy performance but also campus character, architectural form, and spatial experience. To address the limited attention paid to such multidimensional adaptability, this study derives candidate indicators through a literature review and practical project analysis, refines them through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, and determines their relative weights using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The resulting evaluation framework comprises five criteria and eighteen indicators covering planning pattern coordination, architectural form integration, building physical environmental performance, landscape character integration, and technical performance and innovation. Architectural form integration received the highest criterion weight (0.240), while power generation efficiency had the highest comprehensive indicator weight (0.142). Applied to the research building clusters at Zhejiang University Zijingang Campus, the framework yielded a comprehensive adaptability score of 87.3/100, corresponding to the excellent level. By translating multidimensional considerations into a unified quantitative result, the framework provides a structured basis for scheme assessment and adaptability classification at the design stage.