Objective: The aim of this study was to define the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory manifestations of scorpion envenomation and to identify factors that are predictive of severe cases. Methods: The medical files of 41 scorpion envenomation cases were reviewed retrospectively. The cases were classified as mild-moderate or severe. The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings of patients were recorded. Results: There were 27 patients (65.9%) in the mild-moderate group and 14 patients (34.1%) in the severe group. The median age of all patients was 48 months. The most common systemic finding was cold extremities (41.5%). In all patients, the most commonly observed dysrhythmia was sinus tachycardia (34.1%). Two patients (4.9%) had pulseless ventricular tachycardia and died. Pulmonary edema and myocarditis were observed in 9 patients (22%). Median values of leukocyte and glucose levels were markedly increased in the severe group. Additionally, the mean thrombocyte level (540,857 ± 115,261 cells/mm³) in the severe group was significantly increased compared with the mild-moderate group (391,365 ± 150,017 cells/mm³). Thrombocyte levels exhibited a positive correlation with leukocyte and glucose values and a negative correlation with patient left ventricular ejection fraction. Multivariate analysis of laboratory parameters indicated that the most predictive factor for clinical severity is thrombocytosis (odds ratio 23.9; 95% CI: 1.6–353.5, P = .021). Conclusions: Although our results share some similarities with those of other reports, thrombocytosis was markedly increased in the severe group and served as the most predictive laboratory factor of clinical severity.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a new technology for monitoring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The use of NIRS has advantages in monitoring cerebral oxygenation in cardiac arrest patients. The aim of this study was to describe cerebral regional oxygen saturation (CrSO 2 ) values in a small cohort of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients and to determine if there is an association with CrSO 2 and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). All the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients admitted to our pediatric emergency department were included in this prospective study. All patients were monitored through NIRS in addition to standard monitoring during CPR. All cerebral rSO 2 measurements were obtained with an INVOS 5100C cerebral/somatic oximeter. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed according to the Pediatric Advanced Life Support 2010 guidelines. The patients were classified as ROSC and non - ROSC. Ten patients were included in this study. The median age of patients was 40.0 (14.0-88.2) months. Three (30%) of the 10 patients achieved sustained ROSC. Abrupt increase in cerebral regional oxygen saturation (CrSO 2 ) was observed in all 3 of these patients. Minimum values of the CrSO 2 were significantly lower and the percentage of median time with CrSO 2 under 30% of CrSO 2 were significantly higher in the non - ROSC group (p=0.02). Our study indicated that the patients in the non - ROSC group have lower minimum CrSO 2 value. Additionally, abrupt increase of CrSO 2 during CPR could be an indicator for ROSC.

Objective: Isolated facial injuries are less common among pediatric trauma patients. The literature has focused on, especially, fractures in facial injuries. There is a limited number of studies evaluating all facial injuries in childhood. The study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics of maxillofacial injuries and to identify patients who require further intervention. Methods: The data from pediatric patients with maxillofacial injury (<18 years) between January 2011 and December 2015 were collected. Demographic characteristics, trauma mechanisms, concomitant injuries, treatments, hospitalization, and follow-up results were recorded. Results: The median age of the patients (N = 2926) was 5.0 years (2.0–10.0 years), and 63.1% were boys. Falls and motor vehicle accidents were the leading mechanism of injury. The most common injury types were lacerations (49.3%) and fractures (15.5%). One hundred thirty (0.4%) patients had concomitant injuries. Surgical treatment was performed in only 3.4% of the patients, and the mortality rate was 0.6%. Patients with concomitant injuries had more hospitalization rates, surgical treatment, and organ dysfunction. All patients who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation and resulted in mortality were in the concomitant injury group. Conclusions: Isolated facial injuries are unlikely to be life-threatening, and basic interventions are sufficient in most of the maxillofacial injuries. The primary issue in maxillofacial injuries is to recognize and manage concomitant injuries that can lead to organ dysfunction and mortality.