Dineohexyl phosphinic acid (DINHOP) is a popular amphiphilic molecular insulator considered as the most efficient co-adsorbent (co-grafter) for the improvement of the photovoltaic performance of TiO₂ based hybrid solar cells.

In this study, two organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, butylammonium copper chloride (BACC) and methylammonium copper chloride (MACC), were synthesized and evaluated as feasible active cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Both compounds were structurally and morphologically characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy, revealing high crystalline structures and well-defined morphologies consistent with long-range order and unique features of conversion materials. The electrochemical performance of synthesized compounds as cathodes was assessed through cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. Butylammonium copper chloride, with formula (C4H12N)2CuCl4, exhibited a remarkable specific discharge capacity of 200 mAh g-1 at 20 mA g-1 with capacity retention close to 65 %. Meanwhile, methylammonium copper chloride (CH3NH3)2CuCl4 delivered a specific capacity of 160 mAh g-1 at 20 mA g-1, maintaining 90.2 % capacity retention. Post-cycling XRD analysis was carried out on the cathodes after 100 cycles of operation at 50 mA g-1, providing evidence of structural changes during battery operation. These structural transformations account for the gradual capacity fading observed during prolonged cycling and demonstrate that a Coulombic efficiency close to 100 % does not necessarily imply structural reversibility. Overall, the results indicate that BACC and MACC should be regarded as model systems for fundamental studies of copper electrochemical chemistry in halogenated hybrid perovskites, rather than as competitive cathode materials for practical lithium-ion battery applications.

Las fotobaterías permiten convertir y almacenar energía solar en un mismo dispositivo. En este trabajo se evaluó una fotobatería de ion-litio con un electrodo TiO₂–Fe₂O₃ (1:1) preparado por mezcla mecánica. Mediante técnicas como DRX, SEM, UV–Vis y Mott–Schottky se confirmó la formación de una heterounión que mejora la separación de cargas y la absorción de luz visible. Bajo iluminación (1 sol), la capacidad aumentó de 160 a 220 mAh g⁻¹. Este efecto se asocia a la generación de cargas fotoinducidas que favorecen las reacciones electroquímicas, mostrando el potencial del material para aplicaciones energéticas.

This work reports the synthesis of the organic–inorganic copper chloride perovskite (C₆H₅CH₂NH₃)₂[CuCl₄] and its application as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Hybrid copper halide perovskites have emerged as environmentally friendly alternatives to lead-based systems due to their structural versatility and chemical stability; however, their electrochemical energy storage properties remain largely unexplored. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report investigating (C₆H₅CH₂NH₃)₂[CuCl₄] as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. The structural and morphological characteristics of the material were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (IR), confirming the formation of a layered perovskite structure. Electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. The material delivered an initial specific capacity of 114 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 20 mA g⁻¹ and maintained a coulombic efficiency around 99% after 100 cycles, indicating good cycling stability. The electrochemical behavior suggests that the reversible redox activity of Cu species contributes significantly to the charge storage mechanism. Postmortem XRD analysis revealed that the original perovskite framework was only partially retained after cycling, as several characteristic diffraction peaks remained while others disappeared, indicating partial structural decomposition. These results highlight the potential of chlorocuprate-based hybrid perovskites as alternative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries.