Tong Liu

Dr. Tong Liu


Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

1Year (2026-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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17 August 2026 in Actuators
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
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JFJiahao 付家豪 Fu
Jiahao 付家豪 Fu
SLShanhui Liu
Shanhui Liu
YWYanyan Wu
Yanyan Wu
YZYuliang Zheng
Yuliang Zheng
SSShizhe Shi
Shizhe Shi
TLTong Liu
Tong Liu
Conventional pneumatic bending actuators cannot perform the in-grasp twisting required to detach mature Agaricus bisporus from the cultivation substrate. Manual harvesting was characterized by measuring fingertip contact forces, fruiting-body rotation, and motion timing using flexible-film force sensors and an inertial measurement unit. The resulting grasp–twist–lift characteristics informed the design of a three-finger segmented variable-angle symmetric oblique-chamber (SVA-SOC) pneu-net soft gripper. Each SVA-SOC actuator integrates upper parallel chambers and lower symmetric oblique chambers that are synchronously pressurized to generate inward bending for grasping; after grasp establishment, differential pressure between the lower oblique chamber groups induces torsional deformation while the grasping pressure is maintained. A reduced-order model based on the Yeoh constitutive model and segmented constant-curvature assumption was validated against finite-element simulations and experiments, yielding root mean square error (RMSE) values of 12.82° and 3.36° for bending and twisting angles, respectively. At 85 kPa, a single actuator generated bending and tangential contact forces of 1.41 and 1.31 N, respectively. The three-finger gripper achieved a maximum target rotation of 44.59°, an initial grasping force of 5.38 N, and a pull-off force of 18.59 N. In 50 harvesting trials, grasping, harvesting, and undamaged harvesting rates were 100%, 94% and 86%, respectively, indicating feasibility for low-damage harvesting of mature Agaricus bisporus.