Linezolid, a synthetic antimicrobial agent, may induce oxidative damage in ocular tissues, particularly in the optic nerve. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is involved in the production of antioxidants that scavenge and neutralize reactive oxygen species. This study aims to evaluate the potential protective effect of exogenous ATP against linezolid-induced ocular damage in rats, in comparison with methylprednisolone. Wistar-type rats were divided into five groups as follows: healthy (HG), ATP-only (ATPG), linezolid-only (LZDG), ATP + linezolid (ATLDG), and methylprednisolone + linezolid groups (MPLDG). Oxidative stress markers, antioxidant biomarkers, and proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed in isolated ocular tissues. Optic nerve tissue was also evaluated histopathologically. Linezolid administration increased the oxidative stress marker MDA and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, while decreasing antioxidant parameters such as tGSH, SOD and CAT in rat ocular tissues, compared to the healthy group. However, it did not significantly alter serum troponin I levels. Histopathological analysis revealed that linezolid induced oxidative damage and inflammation in optic nerve tissue, with marked glial alterations. ATP administration reduced linezolid-induced oxidative stress in ocular tissue, as indicated by decreased MDA levels. It also enhanced antioxidant defenses by increasing tGSH, SOD, and CAT levels. In addition, ATP lowered proinflammatory cytokine levels, thereby alleviating inflammation. These effects collectively contributed to the restoration of biochemical parameters toward normal levels. In addition, ATP mitigated linezolid-induced optic nerve damage and glial alterations. The critical role of ATP in reducing oxidative stress, restoring antioxidant balance, and suppressing inflammation may represent a promising therapeutic approach for linezolid-induced ocular toxicity.

Anterior and Posterior Ocular Changes in Patients with Active and Inactive Ankylosing Spondylitis - Article abstract #946834

Purpose: To examine whether preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT)–derived macular hole parameters and postoperative outer retinal restoration are associated with anatomical closure and visual recovery after macular hole surgery and to determine whether preoperative geometry and preoperative symptom duration predict different outcome domains. Methods: This retrospective study included 48 eyes of 45 patients who underwent surgery for macular hole between January 1, 2013, and August 1, 2019, and completed at least 6 months of follow‐up. Surgery consisted of 23‐gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling; an inverted ILM flap was additionally used in 18 eyes (37.5%) and autologous blood in 4 eyes (8.3%). Combined phacoemulsification was performed in 12 eyes (25.0%). Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded preoperatively and at Postoperative Months 1, 3, and 6. Preoperative OCT measurements included minimum hole diameter, basal hole diameter, hole height, macular hole index (MHI), tractional hole index (THI), diameter hole index (DHI), and hole form factor (HFF). Between‐group differences are reported with Cohen’s d and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and a multivariable linear regression model was constructed for Month‐6 BCVA. Results: The cohort comprised 23 women (51.1%) and 22 men (48.9%) with a mean age of 68.4 ± 8.7 years. Anatomical success was achieved in 38 eyes (79.2%), and functional success in 36 eyes (75.0%). BCVA improved significantly through postoperative Month 6. Larger minimum and basal hole diameters were associated with worse postoperative BCVA, whereas higher MHI and THI values were associated with better postoperative BCVA. Eyes with preserved external limiting membrane (ELM) and/or ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity at postoperative Months 3 and 6 had significantly better visual outcomes. Symptom duration was the dominant correlate of anatomical closure, and its association with BCVA strengthened across follow‐up ( r = 0.523 preoperatively to r = 0.808 at Month 6) while that of THI weakened over the same interval. HFF was the only preoperative geometric parameter that differed between closure patterns ( d = 0.86; 95% CI for the mean difference, 0.024 to 0.272; p = 0.036), yet it showed no association with BCVA at any time point. In a multivariable analysis, preoperative BCVA and Month‐6 EZ integrity were the only independent correlates of Month‐6 BCVA (adjusted R ‐squared = 0.76). Conclusions: Preoperative OCT morphology is clinically informative in macular hole surgery. Minimum and basal hole diameters, MHI, and THI may help estimate postoperative visual recovery, while restoration of the ELM and EZ appears closely related to better functional outcome. In this cohort, the determinants of the two outcome domains were largely dissociable: preoperative geometry chiefly tracked functional recovery, whereas symptom duration dominated anatomical closure. HFF behaved as a marker of outer retinal restoration rather than of visual acuity.

MicroPulse laser trabeculoplasty (MLT) lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) with subthreshold pulses that spare the surrounding tissue, yet its effect on the corneal endothelium is far less studied than that of selective laser trabeculoplasty, and almost unstudied in treatment-naïve eyes. We retrospectively reviewed 70 treatment-naïve glaucoma patients (one eye each) treated with a 577 nm yellow laser (Easyret^®) in micropulse mode (300 µm, 300 ms, 1000 mW, 360°). Endothelial cell density, mean cell area, hexagonality, the coefficient of variation in cell size, and central corneal thickness were recorded by specular microscopy (SP-1P, Topcon), and IOP by Goldmann applanation, at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months. Linear mixed-effects models used every available observation, so no patient was excluded for a missed visit. IOP fell from 25.9 ± 2.5 mmHg to 20.6 and 21.0 mmHg at one and three months (−5.32 and −5.00 mmHg, roughly 20%; both p < 0.001), then returned to 24.8 mmHg by six months, and the proportion reaching a 20% reduction fell from 62.5% to 4.6%. Endothelial cell density, mean cell area, and central corneal thickness held steady, and every morphological change stayed within the device’s repeatability limits on equivalence testing. MLT lowered IOP early but transiently; over six months no clinically meaningful change in corneal endothelial morphology was detected.

Background and Objectives: Contact gonioscopy and optical biometry often happen at the same preoperative visit, with no defined interval between them. We asked whether uncomplicated Goldmann three-mirror gonioscopy was followed by short-term changes in optical biometry and calculated intraocular lens (IOL) power and whether any mean change could be positively affirmed as small enough not to matter clinically. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four cataract patients (128 eyes) underwent NIDEK AL-Scan biometry at baseline and 5, 15 and 30 min after unilateral Goldmann three-mirror gonioscopy in this prospective repeated-measures study (2015–2016). The untreated fellow eye served as an internal control. Our primary analysis was a within-patient paired difference-in-differences (DiD) comparison, which modeled the paired-eye structure directly; nested patient/eye mixed-effects models followed as a sensitivity analysis. We recomputed IOL power as a continuous variable for four formulas, SRK/T, Haigis, Hoffer Q and Holladay 1, using the published constants for the implanted lens. Equivalence within ±0.25 D was tested by two one-sided tests (TOSTs), with Holm adjustment across the twelve tests performed. Results: Central corneal thickness (CCT) rose by 3.14 µm at 5 min (95% CI, 1.94 to 4.35; p < 0.001) and by 1.66 µm at 15 min (p = 0.015), returning to baseline by 30 min. That signal sat inside the ±6.2 µm short-term repeatability seen in untreated control eyes. Keratometry moved by no more than 0.11 D, and all four IOL formulas behaved almost identically, the largest mean difference being −0.18 D at 15 min. Equivalence within ±0.25 D was confirmed in unadjusted testing at 5 and 30 min for all four formulas and at 15 min for SRK/T; after Holm adjustment only the four 30 min conclusions and the 5 min conclusion for SRK/T were retained. The selected 0.5 D lens power changed in 33–47% of study eyes and in a comparable 31–52% of untreated control eyes. Conclusions: Procedure-related differences in calculated IOL power were small throughout. The largest was −0.18 D, inside the ±0.25 D margin and well below the 0.5 D interval on which lenses are supplied. Demonstrated equivalence was a narrower claim. After adjustment for multiplicity, it held at 30 min for all four formulas and at 5 min for SRK/T, and at 15 min it was not demonstrated for Haigis, Hoffer Q or Holladay 1. These data therefore do not establish that biometry is unaffected across the whole first half hour, and we make no recommendation about deferring it. The transient CCT signal fell within device repeatability. Step-level changes in selected lens power were as common in eyes that never underwent gonioscopy. All analyses were exploratory and limited to a partial-coherence-class biometer of the study period and to the four formulas tested.

Longitudinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Assessment of Retinal Microvascular Changes in Patients Receiving Oral Isotretinoin - Archives of Basic and Clinical Research