Shooting may impact the frequency of neuropathies in the upper extremity nerves or of cervical disc–root conflicts. This study was undertaken to assess whether shooting sports trained with a handgun by civilians may influence the risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and other neuropathies of the brachial plexus nerve fibers. Neurophysiological studies using surface electromyography (rEMG at rest and mcEMG during maximal contraction), electroneurography (ENG), and motor-evoked potential recordings (MEPs) were performed in a select population of nine shooters, which were rigorously screened as positive through a clinical examination for carpal tunnel syndrome and other brachial plexus neuropathies among a population of forty-two subjects, to confirm the existence of pathologies in the upper extremities. Increased muscle tension in rEMG and a simultaneous decrease in motor unit activity in mcEMG were recorded both in the proximal and distal muscles of the upper extremities more frequently in the shooters than in the healthy controls—volunteers. An ENG examination confirmed CTS in the shooting hand of four subjects (4/42; 9.5%), additionally revealing a significantly decreased F-wave at the C6–C7 levels in the dominant extremities of the shooting group in comparison to the control population (p = 0.05). All the examined subjects had revealed brachial plexus pathologies on both sides according to the results of the MEP recordings upon stimulation at the C4–C8 levels (various significant differences between the shooters and control group were found), and two had ulnar neuropathy in the wrist on the shooting side. It was concluded that shooting sports are a moderate risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome and that they significantly influence the development of other brachial plexus neuropathies.

The adipocyte browning process is a phenomenon that consists in the molecular and morphological remodeling of preadipocytes or mature white adipocytes into multilocular beige fat cells expressing thermogenesis-associated genes. Adipocyte browning may occur physiologically, mainly upon cold or...

The authors aimed to characterize the population with myasthenia gravis (MG), focusing on their eligibility for a therapeutic program with terminal complement protein C5 inhibition (ravulizumab), neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) modulation (efgartigimod), and with anti-cluster of differentiation 20 (anti-CD20) monoclonal antibody rituximab reimbursed by the Polish National Health Fund (NFZ), and also to create a database with clinical and epidemiological details of a large MG population. Myasthenia gravis is a rare, life-threatening autoimmune neurological disease and, as such, is usually treated with traditional immunosuppressants. The therapeutic program enables the use of advanced agents, but the eligibility criteria are highly restrictive. It is not known how many patients may be eligible for treatment with advanced therapies since the available data is sparse. The authors reviewed the clinical files of all 82 hospitalizations (of 65 patients) due to MG at the Department of Neurology of Poznan University Hospital between January 2023 and May 2025. Collected data included: age, gender, reason for admission, treatment before and after hospitalization with doses, The Myasthenia Gravis-Activities of Daily Living scale (MG-ADL), and Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) scores on admission, treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)/plasmapheresis during hospitalization, data describing the autoimmunologic and comorbidities profile of each patient. Furthermore, the authors explored whether patients fulfilled the therapeutic program enrollment criteria: 1) history of glucocorticoids (GCS) therapy for at least 6 months (at least 3 months of 30 mg of prednisone daily); 2) history of using two drugs from the class of non-steroidal immunosuppressive drugs, including one for at least 12 months and the other for at least 6 months. Statistical analyses were conducted using JASP software (University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands). Among 65 patients, the median age was 64 years, 57% were women, and 94% had at least one comorbidity. During 82 hospitalizations, the authors used IVIG 23 times, plasmapheresis 8 times, and a combination of these therapies 3 times. In only 6.1% of hospitalized patients, there was a proven history of adequate oral steroid therapy, and no patient fulfilled definitively the criterion for a history of treatment with two non-steroidal immunosuppressive drugs. Only a small percentage of patients are eligible for the therapeutic program as an indication of insufficient immunosuppressive treatment of MG before hospitalization.