Background. Basic life support (BLS) is a level of medical care that is used for individuals with life-threatening illnesses or injuries until they can be given full medical care at a hospital. It can be provided by trained medical personnel, including emergency medical technicians and paramedics, and by qualified bystanders. Vital areas of adult BLS include immediate identification of sudden cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system, early performance of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and rapid defibrillation, when appropriate. Aim. To assess the awareness of secondary school students regarding BLS in Abha City, Saudi Arabia. Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted targeting all accessible secondary school students in Abha City during the academic years 2018-2019. After explaining the objectives and importance of the research topic, all students in the three grades were invited to complete the study questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers after reviewing the literature for related topics and consulting an expert for any additions or modifications. Results. The study included 761 students with ages ranging from 15 to 20 years and a mean age of 17±1 years old. Male students accounted for 53.6 of the participants, and 96.7 of the participants were Saudi. Exactly 31 of the students had had a BLS training course, among which 79.2 had had training that lasted for only one day. Regarding awareness, 65 of the students had heard about BLS, and 44 knew about CPR. Exactly 52 of the students indicated that they should call the ER if there was a case with fainting. A total of 45.3 of the students reported that airway checking was the first step in CPR, and 16.7 reported that the chest compression to oral breathing ratio should be 30 to 2. Conclusions and Recommendations. In conclusion, the study revealed that poor awareness regarding BLS was present among the students. The researchers concluded that less than one-third of the students had BLS training. BLS should be taught, theoretically and practically (with simulations), to middle and high school students as BLS involves relatively simple concepts and methods.

Background: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) increases mortality but remains undertreated due to high surgical risks. Transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions (TTVI) offer safer alternatives, improving functional status and quality of life. However, many candidates for TTVI have trans-tricuspid CIED leads that may interfere with procedural imaging and device deployment and may be exposed to dislodgement, entrapment, or jailing. Evidence regarding both clinical outcomes and postprocedural CIED function in this population remains limited. Existing trial evidence for this population is scarce, requiring further safety analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to address the comparative risk of complications and residual TR in patients with vs. without CIEDs. Methods: We searched for relevant articles up to March 2026 from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers extracted data from the selected studies, including baseline information, outcomes, comorbidities, hospitalization metrics, TR severity, and complications. All data analyses were performed using R version 4.4.1. Results: Ten studies comprising 5415 patients were included. Nine comparative studies contributed to the quantitative synthesis, whereas one single-arm study contributed only to the narrative synthesis of CIED-specific mechanical and electrical outcomes. In patients undergoing TTVI, across two studies, patients with CIEDs had a nominally lower risk of single-leaflet device attachment (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.94; nominal p = 0.037); however, this exploratory finding should be considered hypothesis-generating. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups for cardiovascular death (RR 1.30, p = 0.815), device embolization (RR 1.62, p = 0.666), device malposition (RR 1.10, p = 0.909), stroke (RR 0.52, p = 0.335), hospitalization for heart failure (RR 1.02, p = 0.931), in-hospital mortality (RR 1.02, p = 0.959), major adverse events (RR 0.74, p = 0.635), major bleeding (RR 0.70, p = 0.187), or residual tricuspid regurgitation of mild (RR 0.98, p = 0.686) or moderate severity (RR 1.01, p = 0.646). CIED-specific outcomes were reported heterogeneously. Lead function was generally preserved after T-TEER in carefully selected patients, whereas studies of TTVR with jailed leads reported lead failure or malfunction ranging from 5.8% to 21% in individual cohorts. Conclusions: Among the comparative outcomes available for quantitative pooling, no statistically significant differences were detected between patients with and without CIEDs for most procedural and postprocedural outcomes. However, CIED-specific risks differed according to the intervention. Lead function was generally preserved after T-TEER in carefully selected patients, whereas lead jailing during TTVR was associated with clinically relevant lead malfunction in some cohorts. Therefore, the absence of significant differences in pooled clinical outcomes should not be interpreted as evidence that TTVI does not affect CIED function.