Olive cultivation over the past few years has spread across Mediterranean countries with Spain being the world’s largest olive producer among them. Because olives are a major part of the economy for such countries keeping records of their tree count and crop yield is of high significance. Manual counting of trees over such large areas is humanly infeasible. To address this problem, we propose an automatic method for the detection and enumeration of olive trees. The algorithm is a multi-step classification system comprising pre-processing, image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. RGB satellite images were acquired from the Spanish territory and pre-processed to suppress the additive noise. The region of interest was then segmented from the pre-processed images using K-Means segmentation, through which statistical features were extracted and classified. Promising results were achieved for all classifiers, namely Naive Bayesian, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Random Forest and Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs), at various division ratios of data samples. In a comparison of all the classification algorithms, Random Forest outperformed the rest by an overall accuracy of 97.5% at the division ratio of 70 to 30 for training to testing.

Precisely measuring the work area of agriculture farm machinery is important for performing the authentication of machinery usage, better allocation of resources, measuring the effect of machinery usage on the yield, usage billing and driver’s behaviour. The manual measurement, which is a common practice is an error-prone and time-consuming process. The irregular fields make it even more difficult to calculate the work area. An automatic solution that uses smart technology and algorithms to precisely calculate the work area is crucial for the advancement of agriculture. In this work, we have developed a smart system that utilizes the Internet of Things (IoT), Global Positioning System (GPS) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) that records the movement of agriculture machinery and use it to measure the precise work area of its usage. The system couples the nearest neighbourhood algorithms with Contact-based mechanisms to find the precise work area for different shaped fields and activities. The system was able to record the movement of machinery and calculate its work area, regardless of how many times the machinery runs through a particular field. Our evaluation shows that the system was able to precisely find the work boundaries and calculate the area with a maximum of 9% error for irregular shapes.

Country olive forests are one of the major contributors with economic aspects. Spain is the leading country in the world which produced around 45% of olive oil compared to the total production in the world. The value of 2.4 million hectares of land is dedicated to olive cultivation in the country, which made it a huge olive oil producer in the world. Olive crop widely spread over large extensive areas; manual counting of trees is humanly infeasible. To address this problem, we propose an automatic scheme for the detection and enumeration of olive trees. The proposed technique comprises of multi-step image processing techniques applied over a single band of imagery. The single red band once extracted from the color spectrum of acquired images, is then sharpened and edges are detected. The closed edges formed by the tree boundaries are transformed into white blobs using morphological reconstruction. Resulting circular blobs are then filtered out based on their shape and size. Blobs with circular geometry and in-range radius are considered as olive trees, which are then mapped with the existing ground information. Results have been generated over the diverse images capturing the ground truth information with an estimation error of 1.27%.

Video recorders record the output of each security camera. After an incident, the video footage can be used for evidence by locating a suspect or criminal for a crime. A manual scan of the video footage requires a considerable amount of manpower and time, a luxury which cannot be afforded when tracking down a Person Of Interest (POI). An automated system is proposed in this research which aims at finding the desired POI through the available volume of video data quickly and accurately. It is visualized to go through all the available videos and detect the POI using facial recognition. Thereafter it would create a video montage of all the desired frames and incorporate time and location information to produce a path map followed by the POI. The proposed system reduces the human burden, human error and reduce the time taken when searching the POI manually. Validation has been performed on various video data collected by ourselves as well. The results depict that the proposed system is able to correctly identify POI with an accuracy of 86 percent for video data captured in a constrained environment. Videos captured by a cell phone in an unconstrained environment result in an accuracy of around 80 percent. Real video tested in our university campus revealed the proposed system is capable of generating tracking information for POI effectively.