Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used industrial compound, is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical associated with various diseases. However, its impact on intestinal function and growth remains insufficiently explored. This study investigated the effects of BPA-contaminated breast milk on growth performance in pre-weaning rabbits. Lactating rabbits were divided into control and BPA-exposed groups, and BPA concentrations in their breast milk were measured and compared. The results showed that BPA was detectable in milk and was transmitted to offspring in significant quantities. To evaluate the effects of BPA on pre-weaning rabbits, growth parameters (e.g., body and organ weights), blood indicators (e.g., antioxidant capacity and hormone levels), and cecal characteristics (e.g., microbiota composition, morphology, and barrier function) were analyzed. BPA exposure in nursing mothers significantly reduced the body and liver weights of their offspring, elevated BPA levels in the cecum, decreased antioxidant capacity, and induced thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, BPA exposure disrupted the gut microbiota composition, reduced goblet cell numbers, thickened the intestinal mucosa and wall, and triggered inflammatory responses, thereby impairing intestinal barrier function. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that BPA exposure in lactating rabbits not only harms the mothers but is also transmitted to their offspring through breast milk. BPA disrupts normal metabolic and hormonal regulation and impairs intestinal function, ultimately leading to growth inhibition. This study enhances understanding of BPA-induced toxicity and provides valuable insights for preventing BPA-related diseases in humans.

Enramycin is used as a dietary antimicrobial in young animals, but its effects on rabbit colonic ecology remain insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated the effects of enramycin in 60 weaned rabbits randomly assigned to a control or enramycin-treated group (60 mg/kg) for 14 days (n = 30/group). Clinical outcomes were evaluated in all rabbits, whereas paired colonic multi-omics profiling was performed in six randomly selected survivors per group with no recorded diarrhea. Enramycin reduced diarrhea incidence without affecting body-weight development, organ indices, or mortality. Metagenomic analysis revealed unchanged alpha diversity but significant alterations in microbial community structure, including decreased Verrucomicrobiota, Akkermansia, and Alistipes and increased Cyanobacteria and Avigastranaerophilus. Untargeted metabolomics identified 332 features meeting the predefined screening criteria, including 143 upregulated and 189 downregulated metabolites. Prominent pathway annotations included phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism. Resistome analysis demonstrated that treatment drove shifts in streptothricin-, aminoglycoside- and glycopeptide-related resistance signatures. The integrated analysis identified associations between four selected genera and the top 30 differential metabolites. Overall, dietary enramycin was associated with a short-term reduction in diarrhea incidence and concurrent changes in selected colonic microbial, metabolic, and resistance gene features. These findings extend enramycin evaluation beyond conventional clinical outcomes and highlight the importance of considering broader ecological effects when assessing dietary antimicrobial exposure in weaned rabbits.