The phenomenon of chemsex has emerged as an essential public health issue in recent years. This systematic review aimed to investigate currently available harm reduction strategies and to evaluate the efficacy of the corresponding interventions. Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature related to harm and risk reduction strategies and the effectiveness of chemsex interventions. Between January 2024 and May 2024, the articles were retrieved from the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, Cochrane, Dialnet, CUIDEN, and SciELO. The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42024508953). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (I) original studies published in peer-reviewed journals, (II) studies exploring harm reduction interventions for chemsex, and (III) studies reflecting the efficacy of harm reduction interventions for chemsex. Two reviewers independently selected articles by title, abstract, and full paper review and extracted data. Two authors described the selected studies and assessed their methodological quality. Results: The systematic review comprised six scientific papers that met the selection criteria and were obtained from five countries. Although a limited number of studies were included, it was observed that they presented a medium–high methodological quality. Programs evaluated interventions to reduce harm from chemsex, such as a web-based intervention that improved self-efficacy to refuse risky behaviors and accept HIV testing. The studies suggested that peer-led programs can be effective, especially with facilitators who have experienced chemsex dependence. Conclusion: Harm reduction strategies in chemsex are effective and should be promoted by health professionals. Interventions should be accessible, personalized, and non-judgmental to provide appropriate care and support, ensuring a comprehensive and effective public health response.

Background/Objectives: Enteral nutrition is an essential component of care for critically ill patients, and nurses play a key role in its assessment, delivery, and monitoring. Although the Spanish version of the Persenius Scale has previously undergone translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and content validation, its structural validity has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the structural validity of the Spanish version of the Persenius Scale in a sample of intensive care unit nurses in Spain. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire administered to intensive care unit nurses. The analytical sample included 329 participants recruited through non-probability snowball sampling. Sampling adequacy was assessed using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index and Bartlett’s test of sphericity. Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation was performed to evaluate the structural validity of the instrument. Hierarchical cluster analysis was also used to examine the coherence of item grouping. Results: The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value was 0.88, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant, supporting the suitability of the data for component analysis. A five-component solution was retained, explaining approximately 58% of the total variance. The components were organizational resources, specialized training, professional responsibility, perceived competence, and technical modality of enteral administration. Organizational resources and professional responsibility showed the most homogeneous loading patterns, whereas several technical practice items demonstrated higher uniqueness and weaker structural integration. Conclusions: The present study provides preliminary evidence regarding the internal structure of the Spanish version of the Persenius Scale by demonstrating a clinically interpretable five-component structure. The instrument may support the assessment of educational, organizational, and professional aspects of enteral nutrition practice among intensive care unit nurses.

Background: Pregnancy is a period of major brain adaptation, involving structural and functional changes that help women adjust to motherhood and support caregiving. Objective: To review current evidence on neuroplasticity during pregnancy and the postpartum period, focusing on brain changes, their biological basis, and their relevance for maternal mental health and nursing care. Methods: A systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261376422). Searches were performed in PubMed, BVS, IBECS, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between 2016 and 2026 in English or Spanish. Results: Of the 1722 records initially identified, 15 studies were included in the narrative synthesis after screening and quality assessment using the CASP checklists and SANRA scale. The evidence showed that pregnancy is associated with changes in grey and white matter, as well as in brain connectivity, particularly in regions involved in social cognition, emotional regulation, and maternal behavior. These changes, largely driven by hormonal fluctuations, may persist after childbirth and are associated with greater maternal sensitivity, stronger mother–infant bonding, and more effective caregiving. However, they may also increase vulnerability to perinatal mental health disorders. Conclusions: Pregnancy represents a critical period of neuroplasticity. A better understanding of these changes may improve perinatal care, support maternal mental health, and guide nursing interventions during the transition to motherhood.