Maros-Pangkep Karst Forest is a biological wealth that has an important role in maintaining the sustainability of the macro environment ecosystem in this region. The maintenance of the MarosPangkep Karst Forest has a positive impact on ecosystem sustainability, which guarantees the continuation of cultural heritage from the past in the form of prehistoric caves in the region. Therefore, arranging the Maros-Pangkep Karst Forest principally is either for preserving the environmental ecosystem or for maintaining the cultural ecosystem as well. Thus the Maros-Pangkep Karst Forest must always be well organized and managed. This is due to the utilization of mining potential in this area which has an impact on the destruction of karst forests. The method of comparison of previous research data conducted in this article shows that efforts to organize the Maros-Pangkep Karst Forest need to be done immediately, due to the efforts of the current government to propose this area as Unesco Global Geopark.

Research on the beginning of the growth of Toraja culture needs to track when this unique culture began to develop. The Toraja cultural remains are generally made of stone such as menhirs and stone, and wood graves such as erong grave containers and various daily living equipment. Erong cemetery made of wood is noted as a cultural heritage that is quite old, and generally stored safely in caves, so it is very representative to know its age through the radiocarbon method (C14). A research through selectively taking samples of 22 erong burial sites in Tana Toraja and North Toraja Regency can be a media of tracking the range of the development period of the culture, which is noted around 780 - 1960 AD. Thus the date of the erong burial culture in Tana Toraja can provide a perspective on the initial period and development of the culture.

The Bantaeng megalithic site houses megalithic cultural relics, such as terraces (teras berundak), dakon, lumpang batu, menhir, dolmen, stone altars, circular stone (batu temu gelang), tombs, and fences, including fragments of pottery and foreign ceramics on the surface of the site. In addition, residents on the site also preserves and performs traditional megalithic rituals. This study aims to find out the functions and meanings of these megalithic cultural relics using surveys, inventory studies, and interviews to the local community. The results indicate that the megalithic culture functions both as a sacred medium of ritual, and a secular instrument of daily life. Furthermore, some of the elements of megalithic culture have symbolic meaning which are related to social status, cosmic symbols, agriculture, astrology, and religious symbols.

This research examines the linguistic landscape in public tourism areas of Baubau City, Indonesia, focusing on language functions and identity representation. The study analyzes the visible use of language on tourist destination signage, commercial signs, road signs, information boards, and other public texts to understand how language reflects and influences sociocultural dynamics and local identity. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, including field observations, photographic documentation, and content analysis to uncover patterns of language use, functions, and their implications for tourism and local identity. The study reveals diverse language usage including Indonesian, English, Wolio, Ciacia, Japanese, and Mandarin. Findings show three patterns of language use: monolingual (76%), bilingual (23%), and multilingual (1%), with Indonesian dominating monolingual signs (62%). The linguistic landscape functions as an identity marker, cultural symbol, and means of cultural commodification in the context of tourism. The use of local languages including Wolio and Ciacia affirms efforts to preserve cultural identity, while foreign languages reflect an orientation towards international tourism. This study reveals the complexity in balancing cultural heritage preservation with global tourism demands and enhances understanding of the role of linguistic landscapes in representing identity, culture, and socio-economic dynamics in multilingual tourist areas. The results of this research contribute to the understanding of interactions between language, identity, and tourism in the context of multicultural urban societies.