Non-ionizing dosimetry investigations of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields that are generated by underground power cables as well as the minimization of their health effects are significant topics handled by numerous researchers. In this study, ELF magnetic fields and current densities caused by three-phased underground transmission lines induced in the human model were examined utilizing both analytical and numerical methods. Analyses were carried out using a two-dimensional problem scenario for the comprehensive head and body model. The results of the finite element method (FEM)-based simulation studies and the analytical calculations are consistent with each other. Moreover, a magnetic field shielding method utilizing conductive material was presented in the study. The shielding technique performed with copper material was carried out to mitigate the magnetic field and possible dosimetry hazards in the ELF region. The proposed shield was a 4-mm reverse U-shaped copper material.

Dielectric properties of food products have been measured at the microwave frequency region. So that, whether fresh or stale product has been observed. Potato and apple were selected as food products. Second measurements for stale products have been carried out 3 days later from the first measurements. Scattering parameters (S parameters) which are used to obtain the permittivity values have been measured by vector network analyzer (VNA) device. Working frequency has been selected as 4.9-7.05 GHz. Waveguide method has been applied for measurements and permittivity values have been evaluated with Nicholson-Ross-Weir New Non-Iterative Method. Temperature and moisture have been determined for each material. Results showed that whether freshness or staleness of food products affect the electrical properties. Moreover, frequency, temperature and structure are major topics for determination of the permittivity values.

In recent years, the interactions of metal objects in human body with electromagnetic fields caused by devices working at fifth-generation (5G) frequencies have been studied by various researchers. A motivation behind this research was to evaluate the human body absorption of electromagnetic energy operating at sub-6 GHz 5G applications. According to this, the specific absorption rate (SAR) caused by new generation mobile phones was investigated in human heads wearing metal-framed spectacles and having metallic implants or earrings to analyse electromagnetic field exposure. A realistic human head model, including some metal objects, was numerically calculated, and analysed in terms of non-ionizing dosimetry. Simulations were carried out with the finite integration technique (FIT) based commercial software in the frequencies of 0.9, 1.8, 2.1, 2.45, 3.5 and 5 GHz, respectively. The maximum SAR of 14 × 10^-5 W/kg for 10 g average tissue was calculated at 2.45 GHz frequency in the head model with earrings. The highest electric field strength of 0.52 V/m was observed at a 1.8 GHz frequency in the head model with all metal objects equipped. Results show that metal objects such as spectacles, dental implants and earrings can cause an increase in the SAR values for external biological tissues, and metal objects can behave as a kind of shield for deeper tissues. However, the obtained values are below the limits of international organisations.

With the development of today’s technology, the electromagnetic radiation spread by mobile phones and base stations is also rapidly increasing, and this causes serious concerns about the environment and human health. The Drosophila model organism is widely used in genetic toxicology studies because its genome is highly similar to the genes identified in human diseases. In this study, the genotoxic effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation were evaluated by the wing Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster at 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz. The SMART method is based on the observation of genetic changes occurring in the trichomes of the Drosophila wings appearing as mutant clones under the microscope. Throughout the study, total clone parameters were evaluated by exposing the Drosophila larvae to electromagnetic fields for two, four, and six hours per day for two days. As a result of the study, it was observed that the number of mutant clones was statistically increased according to the negative control group in all applications except for the six-hour application at 1800 MHz.