Chinese yam planting requires horizontal placement, consistent apical–basal orientation, controlled spacing, and low-damage handling of slender seed segments. This study developed and field-evaluated an integrated vision-guided Chinese yam planter combining furrow opening, feeding, visual inspection and rejection, orientation adjustment, buffered discharge, spacing regulation, furrow tracking, seed placement, and soil covering. Conventional image processing extracted seed-segment length and end orientation, an EfficientNet-B0–kNN one-class method supported auxiliary visual-anomaly screening, and a YOLO11s-seg model with PID control-enabled furrow tracking. Field tests and a two-factor experiment were conducted under sandy-soil conditions. The prototype achieved 22 seedlings min⁻¹, a spacing coefficient of variation of 8.4%, a miss-seeding rate of 4.5 ± 1.3%, an orientation accuracy of 99%, and a path-tracking RMSE of 2.30 ± 0.18 cm; forward velocity was the dominant factor affecting spacing uniformity. The screening module achieved a 98.6% interception rate on marker-simulated anomalies under controlled imaging conditions, while recognition of natural defects remains unvalidated. The system can reduce reliance on skilled labor, and its modular structure and quantified performance provide practical references for users and equipment manufacturers.

As a National Geographical Indication (GI) product, Wenzhou Ougan (WZ) is difficult to distinguish visually from mandarins of other origins. In this study, 34 peel samples and 47 juice samples from WZ and three external origins were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and their VOC fingerprints were compared. A total of 59 and 68 VOC signal variables were extracted from peel and juice samples, respectively; compound assignments were tentative annotations based on retention index and drift time matching with the GC-IMS library. Gallery plots and two-dimensional spectra revealed distinct differences in several VOC signal regions among origins. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and variable importance in projection (VIP) values were used to evaluate grouping trends and screen discriminant VOC signal variables. For WZ-origin samples, the main WZ-high discriminant VOC signal variables in peel included furfuryl alcohol, 3-octanone, pentanal, n-nonanal, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, butyl hexanoate, alpha-pinene, and 3-methylbutyric acid, while those in juice mainly included beta-ocimene, limonene, furfuryl alcohol, 2-acetylfuran, 2-methylfuran, butyric acid, and pentanoic acid. These findings indicate that integrated VOC fingerprints show potential for rapid geographical discrimination of Wenzhou Ougan, while further independent validation and complementary chemical confirmation are required.