The copper benzene tricarboxylic acid (Cu-BTC) cannot be used as an adsorbent in water due to hydrophilicity. However, the calcination process can destroy the benzene ring structure to lose hydrophilicity and retains carbon structure skeleton. The CuO composite and CuO/Cu₂O composite based on cubical Cu-BTC (C-Cu-BTC) and dodecahedral Cu-BTC (D-Cu-BTC) are successfully manufactured to absorb radioactive iodine ion from water. Before and after calcination, the SEM and XRD were used to characterize the changes of morphology and material structure. The adsorption experiment for iodine ion showed that their saturated adsorption capacities can reach 28.64 mg g⁻¹ (for C–CuO), 49.63 mg g⁻¹ (for D-CuO), 49.84 mg g⁻¹ (for C–CuO/Cu₂O) and 91.91 mg g⁻¹ (for D-CuO/Cu₂O), respectively. The iodine ion adsorption of adsorbent is an exothermic reaction as shown thermodynamic curves. Through results of adsorption kinetics it is proved that the iodide ion adsorption of CuO composite is physical adsorption and the iodide ion adsorption of CuO/Cu₂O composite is chemical adsorption. Compared with CuO composite, CuO/Cu₂O composite had better absorption capacity for iodide ions. Furthermore, the interference of common ion on iodide absorption has also been studied. The different types of ion, such as Cl⁻, SO₄ ²⁻ and CO₃ ²⁻, have effects on the iodine ions absorption capacity for two types of adsorbent. These ions have a slightly effect on iodine ions adsorption of CuO composite. However, these ions have greater influences on iodine ions absorption capacity of the CuO/Cu₂O composite. The biggest influence is CO₃ ²⁻, and the CO₃ ²⁻ reduces the adsorption capacity by 44% iodine ion absorption capacity for the CuO/Cu₂O composite.

Yttrium silicates Y₂SiO₅ upconversion nanomaterials with different doping concentrations of praseodymium ion Pr are prepared by using a sol‐gel method. X‐ray diffractometer, SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and fluorescence spectrometer have been employed to test the crystal structure and upconversion luminescence performances. The results indicate that samples calcined higher than 950°C present fine crystal structures, of which Si‐O‐Si band at 757–1048 cm⁻¹ splits into three fine peaks. The crystal size of the samples calcined at 950°C and 1000°C is 29.1 nm and 66.7 nm, respectively. The luminescence intensities of the samples are increasing at first and then decreasing, with the increasing of the doping concentrations of 0.47%, 0.77%, 0.96%, 2.95%, and 4.93%. Nanomaterial sample doped 0.96% Pr emits the highest upconversion luminescence intensity of 6.43 × 10⁶ cps and shows the best photodegradation performance for nitrobenzene wastewater. It demonstrates that too much of Pr doping concentration would result in quenching of the fluorescence. Nevertheless, as the degradation time expands, sample doped 0.96% Pr shows much faster increasing of photodegradation rate than samples of other doping concentrations and reaches to a high photodegradation rate of 97.14% in 6 hours for 10 mg/L nitrobenzene wastewater.

Kneading time is adjusted to change the dispersibility of nano-CuO in AP/HTPB (Ammonia Perchlorate/Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene) composite propellants. Nano-CuO/AP is prepared to serve as the other dispersing method of nano-CuO, named predispersing procedure. Several kinds of heat releasing, thermal decomposition by DSC, combustion heat in oxygen environment, and explosion heat in nitrogen environment, are characterized to learn the effect of dispersibility of nano-CuO catalyst on heat releasing of propellants. With pre-dispersing procedures, thermal decomposition temperature of nano-CuO/AP and its propellant are about C and C lower than that of AP simple mixed with nano-CuO and its propellant, respectively. Comparing propellant with simple mixed nano-CuO kneading 3 hours, combustion heat and explosion heat of propellant with nano-CuO/AP increase about 1.4% and 1.7%, respectively. However, because of the breaking of nano-CuO/AP structure during kneading procedure, combustion heat and explosion heat of all the samples are decreased with the increase of kneading time after 3 hours.